Transport systems in plants

Question 1

What do dicotyledous plants make?

Answer 1

seeds with two cotyledons

Question 2

What do cotyledons do?

Answer 2

store for developing plant embryos.

Question 3

what are the two vascular bundles?

Answer 3

xylem and phloem

Question 4

How do the vascular bundles help?

Answer 4

provide strength /support

Question 5

First outer layer of root cell?

Answer 5

exodermis

Question 6

Second layer of root cell?

Answer 6

epidermis

Question 7

Inner layer of root hair cell?

Answer 7

endodermis

Question 8

what does the midrib of the leaf do?

Answer 8

1)Main vein carrying vascular tissue through organ 2)Supports structure of leaf

Question 9

What does the xylem do

Answer 9

Transports water & mineral ions up the plant (roots to shoots/leaves)

Question 10

Characteristics of xylem

Answer 10

Supports plant (keeps it upright)
uses chemical lignin which is deposited on cell walls

Question 11

Why does the xylem need to be dead

Answer 11

Xylem needs to be dead in order to deposit the lignin

Question 12

How does lignin help

Answer 12

helps withstand pressure of transpiration pull

Question 13

what is the transpiration pull

Answer 13

transport of water up the plant

Question 14

does the xylem have organelles

Answer 14

no, its a hollow tube

Question 15

what do non lignified pits do

Answer 15

allow water and minerals out the xylem

Question 16

2 characteristics of xylem parenchyma cells

Answer 16

1) food store

2) contains tannin- is a bitter chemical defence mechanism against herbivores

Question 17

characteristics of lignified cell walls

Answer 17

1) rings or spirals

2) provides strength

Question 18

what does the phloem do

Answer 18

transports sugars (sucrose) up and down the plant

Question 19

what does assimilates mean

Answer 19

food products (sucrose)

Question 20

why are sugars converted into sucrose

Answer 20

sucrose is less reactive, isn’t used up in respiration

Question 21

why does the phloem need to be alive

Answer 21

contains organelles which are needed for active transport (translocation) . It requires energy for this (mitochondria).

Question 22

what is the plasmodesmata

Answer 22

gaps that link the cytoplasm with the adjacent cells

Question 23

what does the companion cells do

Answer 23

1) involved in translocation

2) keeps phloem alive