Transport Systems (animals)

Question 1

why is blood transported around the body to deliver?

Answer 1

oxygen and nutrients to cells for respiration

Question 2

why is blood transported around the body to pick up?

Answer 2

wates such as carbon dioxide so they are removed from the body

Question 3

what do red blood cells carry?

Answer 3

oxygen

Question 4

how are red blood cells specialised?

Answer 4

by being biconcave

Question 5

what does haemoglobin combine with in the lungs?

Answer 5

oxygen resulting in oxyhaemoglobin

Question 6

how does oxyhaemoglobin become oxygen again?

Answer 6

it releases oxygen at tissues

Question 7

what does the heart do?

Answer 7

pumps blood around the body

Question 8

what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 8

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Question 9

what is the pathway of blood through the heart?

Answer 9

vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Question 10

what do the heart valves prevent?

Answer 10

blood flowing backwards

Question 11

why is the left ventricle of the heart thicker than the right?

Answer 11

the left ventricle has to pump blood to the whole body whereas the right ventricle onlt has to pump blood to the lungs

Question 12

where does the heart muscle get blood from?

Answer 12

the cornorary arteries

Question 13

what are the three types of blood vessel?

Answer 13

arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 14

why are the capillaries thin walled?

Answer 14

to allow the exchange gases, food and wastes

Question 15

where does oxygen go after it leave the capillaries?

Answer 15

into tissues and cells

Question 16

where does carbon dioxide go after it leaves the tissues/cells?

Answer 16

in the capillaries

Question 17

what do veins carry to the heart?

Answer 17

carbon dioxide and wastes

Question 18

what are exchanged in the lungs?

Answer 18

gases

Question 19

whats the windpipe also called?

Answer 19

the trachea

Question 20

what is the trachea held open by?

Answer 20

rings of cartilage

Question 21

what does the trachea divide into?

Answer 21

two bronchi

Question 22

what do the two bronchi divide up into?

Answer 22

bronchioles with air sacs called alveoli at the end

Question 23

what traps dirt and germs in the trachea?

Answer 23

mucus

Question 24

what is cilia?

Answer 24

the tiny hairs in the trachea which sweep the mucus containing germs up to the mouth

Question 25

why are the lungs efficient at gas exchange?

Answer 25

they have lots of alveoli to create a largfe surface area

Question 26

what are nutrients from food required by animals for?

Answer 26

growth,movement, reproduction and warmth

Question 27

what are the chemical elements in carbohydrates?

Answer 27

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 28

what are the chemical elements in fats?

Answer 28

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 29

what aret the chemical elememts in proteins?

Answer 29

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 30

why do we need carbohydrares?

Answer 30

to provide us with energyv

Question 31

why do we need fats?

Answer 31

heat insulation an dnergy store

Question 32

why do we need proteins?

Answer 32

growth and repair

Question 33

what are simple units of carbohydrates?

Answer 33

sugars e.g glucose

Question 34

what are simple units of fats?

Answer 34

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 35

what are simple units of proteins?

Answer 35

amino acids

Question 36

what are fats broken down by and what into?

Answer 36

broken down by lipase enzymes into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 37

what are carbohydrates broken down by and what into?

Answer 37

broken down by amylase enzymes into sugars

Question 38

what are proteins broken down by and what into?

Answer 38

broken down by pepsin emzymes into amino acids

Question 39

what does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 39

mouth, salivary glands, oesphagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intensine, appendix, rectum and anus

Question 40

what is peristalsis?

Answer 40

the movement of food through the gut. it involves muscles contracting behind the food and muscles relaxing in front of the food

Question 41

what are the 4 types of teeth?

Answer 41

incisors, canines, pre-molars and molars

Question 42

where are nutrients of food absorbed?

Answer 42

into the villi of the small intestine

Question 43

what does the network of cappilaries in a villus absorb?

Answer 43

glucose and amino acids

Question 44

what does a lacteal absorb?

Answer 44

fatty acids and glycerol