Transport Systems (animals) Flashcards
why is blood transported around the body to deliver?
oxygen and nutrients to cells for respiration
why is blood transported around the body to pick up?
wates such as carbon dioxide so they are removed from the body
what do red blood cells carry?
oxygen
how are red blood cells specialised?
by being biconcave
what does haemoglobin combine with in the lungs?
oxygen resulting in oxyhaemoglobin
how does oxyhaemoglobin become oxygen again?
it releases oxygen at tissues
what does the heart do?
pumps blood around the body
what are the 4 chambers of the heart?
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
what is the pathway of blood through the heart?
vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
what do the heart valves prevent?
blood flowing backwards
why is the left ventricle of the heart thicker than the right?
the left ventricle has to pump blood to the whole body whereas the right ventricle onlt has to pump blood to the lungs
where does the heart muscle get blood from?
the cornorary arteries
what are the three types of blood vessel?
arteries, capillaries and veins
why are the capillaries thin walled?
to allow the exchange gases, food and wastes
where does oxygen go after it leave the capillaries?
into tissues and cells
where does carbon dioxide go after it leaves the tissues/cells?
in the capillaries
what do veins carry to the heart?
carbon dioxide and wastes
what are exchanged in the lungs?
gases
whats the windpipe also called?
the trachea
what is the trachea held open by?
rings of cartilage
what does the trachea divide into?
two bronchi
what do the two bronchi divide up into?
bronchioles with air sacs called alveoli at the end
what traps dirt and germs in the trachea?
mucus
what is cilia?
the tiny hairs in the trachea which sweep the mucus containing germs up to the mouth
why are the lungs efficient at gas exchange?
they have lots of alveoli to create a largfe surface area
what are nutrients from food required by animals for?
growth,movement, reproduction and warmth
what are the chemical elements in carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are the chemical elements in fats?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what aret the chemical elememts in proteins?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
why do we need carbohydrares?
to provide us with energyv
why do we need fats?
heat insulation an dnergy store
why do we need proteins?
growth and repair
what are simple units of carbohydrates?
sugars e.g glucose
what are simple units of fats?
fatty acids and glycerol
what are simple units of proteins?
amino acids
what are fats broken down by and what into?
broken down by lipase enzymes into fatty acids and glycerol
what are carbohydrates broken down by and what into?
broken down by amylase enzymes into sugars
what are proteins broken down by and what into?
broken down by pepsin emzymes into amino acids
what does the digestive system consist of?
mouth, salivary glands, oesphagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intensine, appendix, rectum and anus
what is peristalsis?
the movement of food through the gut. it involves muscles contracting behind the food and muscles relaxing in front of the food
what are the 4 types of teeth?
incisors, canines, pre-molars and molars
where are nutrients of food absorbed?
into the villi of the small intestine
what does the network of cappilaries in a villus absorb?
glucose and amino acids
what does a lacteal absorb?
fatty acids and glycerol
