Transport Systems: Animals Flashcards
What do mammals transport in their blood?
nutrients (amino acids + sugars)
oxygen
CO2
What does blood consist of?
plasma (liquid)
red blood cells
white blood cells
What do red blood cells do?
transport oxygen around the body
How are red blood cells specialised?
contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
No nucleus which maximizes capacity for more oxygen and haarmoglobin
a biconcave shape which helps them squeeze through capillaries
What do white blood cells do?
destroy pathogens (disease)
Name the 2 types of white blood cells
Phagocytes + Lymphocites
What do phagocytes do?
carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens
what do lymphocytes fo?
produce antibodies which destroy pathogens (each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen)
Name the 4 chambers that make up the heart
Left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
What does the heart do?
pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated, takes that oxygenated blood and pumps it around the body
how are the lungs and body connected?
through blood vessels
Name the 4 blood vessels
vena cava (D)
pulmonary arteries (D)
pulmonary veins (O)
aorta (O)
What do valves do>
prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atria
State the cycle of blood
Body
vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body
What do coronary arteries do?
supply oxygen and glucose and blood to the heart
What dp arteries do?
carry blood away from the heart @ high pressure
(thick muscular walls and narrow central channel)
what do capillaries do?
form networks @ tissues and organs to allow for efficient exchange of materials (glucose and oxygen)
(wall = 1 cell thick)
(large surface area (good for diffusion)
what do veins do
carry blood into heart at low pressure
(thin walls and a wide central channel)
(possess valves)
function of oxyhaemoglobin
bind to and transport oxygen
The Y shape chemical produced by lymphocytes which destroys pathogens
antibodies
special feature of antibodies
specific to a particular pathogen
Why are the walls of ventricles thick
to pump blood around the body
Main vein of the body which
takes blood back to the heart
vena cava
Process which allows gases to move
between the alveoli and the blood
DIFFUSION
Gas which diffuses from the blood into the alveoli
CARBON DIOXIDE
Description of capillaries
BLOOD VESSELS THAT ALLOW
DIFFUSION OF SUBSTANCES
Structures found in the lungs
where gas exchange occurs
ALVEOLI
Gas which diffuses from the alveoli
into the blood
O2
Gas which diffuses from the blood
into the alveoli
C02
What system kills antibodies
The immune system
