Proteins + Enzymes Flashcards
What are proteins
chemicals found in all living cells
How are proteins formed?
when small units called amino acids join together
How is a shape of a protein decided
the arrangement or order of the amino acids it is made of
What are the 5 types of proteins?
Structural Hormones Enzymes Antibodies Receptors
What do structural proteins do
support cells and their structures
What are examples of structural proteins
Keratin and Colagen
What are hormones
A chemical MESSENGER which is carried around the body in the blood (Like Insulin)
What are enzymes
proteins involved in speeding up chemical reactions (Amylase breaks down starch)
What do Antibodies do
Fight disease causing organisms (pathogens)
What are Receptors
proteins on the cell surface that have specific shapes to allow hormones to bind to them
What does the SAM enzyme do?
breaks down starch with the help of amylase to produce maltese
What does the enzyme HPCOW do
breaks down hydrogen peroxide with the help of catalase to produce oxygen and water
What does the Enzyme FLAG do
breaks down fat with the help of lipase to produce fatty acids and glycarol
What does the enzyme P3 do?
breaks down protein with the help of pepsin to produce peptides
What does the enzyme G1PPS do
builds up glucose-1-phosphate with the help of phosphorylase to make starch
Why are enzymes described as biological catalysts?
speed up reactions in living cells
What is the substance an enzyme works on called?
substrate
What happens after an enzyme reaction takes place?
a product is formed
What is an enzymes odd area of their structure called
active site
What does an active site do
it compliments the shape of the substrate it acts upon due to its particular shape
This property of an Enzyme means it can only act upon one substrate
specific
What kind of reactions are enzymes involved in?
degradation or synthesis
What factors can affect enzymes?
temperature and pH
What can temperature and pH do
slow down or speed up a reaction. even stop it completely.
What is the condition in which the enzyme is most active in called?
optimim
What do enzymes in the human body have an optimum of
37 (body temperature)
When is the rate of an enzyme reaction at its highest
at an optimum temperature or pH
What happens to an enzyme reaction at a low activity
it gets a slow reaction
What happens to an enzyme reaction at a high temperature
decreases rapidly and stops
What temperature will enzymes stop working at?
45 degrees since enzymes and proteins are damaged by heat
What can change the shape of an enzyme and it’s active site
high temperatures + extremes of pH
Can a denatured enzyme be reversed
no
Enzymes are found in all living cells. name 2 other features of enzymes
Biological Catalysts Made of Protein Remain Chemically Unchanged Have an optimum state Can speed up reactions
Name 2 types of Reactions that enzymes can be involved in
Degradation+synthesis
examples of enzymes involved in degradation (breakdown) reactions
amylase
Catalyses
lipase
pepsin
example of an enzyme involved in a synthesis (build up) reaction
phosphorylase
