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BIOLOGY s3 course > transport system in animals > Flashcards

transport system in animals Flashcards

1
Q

name the three components of the blood

A

plasma, red blood cell and white blood cell

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2
Q

state the function of red blood cells

A

they are involved in transporting oxygen

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3
Q

give six examples of substances transported in blood

A

hormones, oxygen, glucose, vitamins, heat and disease

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4
Q

describe how red blood cells are adapted for there functions

A

they have no nuclear and bio-concave shape to carry more oxygen

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5
Q

what is the function of haemoglobin

A

picks up oxygen from the lungs and forming oxyhemoglobin

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6
Q

state the function of a white blood cell

A

destroys pathogens

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7
Q

name the two types of white blood cell

A

phagocytes and lymphocytes

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8
Q

describe phagocytes function

A

carry out phagocytosis

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9
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

it is when a cell “eats” or engulfs something, usually a harmful particle like bacteria or debris in the blood

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10
Q

describe the lymphocytes function

A

it produces antibodies which destory pathogens

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11
Q

what is plasma

A

it is the yellow liquid of the blood

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12
Q

what are platelets involved in

A

forming clots when a blood vessel is damaged

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13
Q

what does plasma carry around the body (3)

A

glucose, urea and carbon dioxide

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14
Q

what does haemoglobin pick up and from

A

picks up- oxygen form the lungs
forms- oxyhemoglobin

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15
Q

name the four chamber of the heart

A

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

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16
Q

what are the functions of valves in the heat

A

they prevent back flow of blood between chambers

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17
Q

describe the directions of blood flow through the heart starting with the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary artery- lungs- pulmonary vein- left atrium- left ventricle- aorta- body- vena cava- right atrium- right ventricle- plmonaryartery artery

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18
Q

which ventricle wall is thicker and why ?

A

left ventricle - has to pump oxygenated blood all over the body not just to the lungs like the right ventricle

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19
Q

where does the cardiac muscle of the heart get its blood supply from

A

coronary arteries

20
Q

what does the circulatory system in mammals consist of

A

heart, blood vessels and blood

21
Q

how much blood does the average humans body contain

A

8-10 pints

22
Q

how many times does the heart beat per minuet

A

70-72 (bpm)

23
Q

what is the name of the special type of muscle in the heart

A

cardiac muscle

24
Q

what is the specialty of the cardiac muscle compared to other muscles

A

it never tires/ does not become fatigued

25
Q

what type of blood is pumped by the left and right sides

A

left- pumps oxygenated blood
right-pumps deoxygenated blood

26
Q

what type of blood is carried by veins except the pulmonary vein

A

deoxygenated

27
Q

what type of blood is carried by artery except the pulmonary artery

A

oxygenated

28
Q

name the type of blood vessel which transports blood away from the heart

29
Q

name the blood vessel which transports blood towards the heart

30
Q

in which type of blood vessel would you feel a pulse

31
Q

which type of blood vessel has valves, why ?

A

vein- it has a lower pressure so to prevent backflow

32
Q

name the one artery in the body which carries deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary artery

33
Q

name the one vein in the body which carries deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary vien

34
Q

why does an artery have a thick muscular wall unlike the vein

A

it has a higher blood pressure then veins so not to tear

35
Q

describe two ways in which a capillary bed is adapted to allow efficient gas exchange

A

large surface area and thin walled

36
Q

what gas is absorbed during gas exchange in the alveoli

37
Q

what gas is released during gas exchange in the aveoili

A

carbon dioxide/ CO2

38
Q

what is ent by the term gas exchange

A

when one gas (oxygen) and on leaves (carbon dioxide)

39
Q

in mammals where does gas exchange take place

A

lungs/alveoli

40
Q

what 4 adaptions do alveoli have for their role in gas exchange

A

thin walled
large surface area
moist
good blood supply

41
Q

why are there so many alveoli present inside the lungs

A

to maximise gas exchange

42
Q

what traps dust and germs in the trachea and bronchi (2)

A

mucus and cilia (hairs)

43
Q

what is the function of the cilia in the trachea and bronchi

A

beat the mucas upwards

44
Q

what is the function of the rings of cartilage

A

to keep the wind pipe open

45
Q

where do oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange through

A

the walls of the alveoli

46
Q

in humans around how many alveoli are in the lungs

A

700million

47
Q

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BIOLOGY s3 course (6 decks)

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