producing new cells Flashcards
what are cells
the building blocks of life / a basic unit of all living things
state 3 differences between animal and plant cells
plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole which animal cells don’t have
why do most plant cells contain chloroplast
because chloroplast is used or photosynthesis
state the function of the cell membrane
it controls what enters and exits the cell
state the function of the nucleus
it controls most cell activity and stores DNA
state the location of most chemical reactions in a cell
cytoplasm
what is the function of a vacuole in a plant cell
it supports the shape of the cell and stores cell sap
where does aerobic respiration take place in a cell
mitochondria
why is respiration important to all cells
it is the process by which they produce energy
state the function of ribosomes
they are the sight of protein synthesis
where are the mitrochondria and ribosomes found
in the cytoplasm
where does photosynthesis take place in a plant
chloroplast
what is photosynthesis
the process where plants make there own energy
what is the purpose of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis
it is the pigment In the process
in plants what is the cell wall compose of
cellulose
state three organelles present in a plant cell that are absent in an animal cell
cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
state the function of the mitochondria
site of aerobic espiration
state the function of the cell wall
gives support to the structure of the cell
state the function of the vacuole
store cell sap
state the function of the ribosomes
the site of protein synthesis
state the function of the nucleus
controls most cell activity
state the function of the cell membrane
controls what enters and exits the cell
give two reasons cell division is important
to produce new cells for growth and repair old cells
which part of the cell controls cell division
the nucleus
what are the structures in the nucleus called? what chemical are the made from and what do they do?
chromosomes- DNA- they carry genetic information
what is mitosis
Mitosis is the process of cell division
how many stages of mitosis are there
6
what do chromosomes consist of
consists of 2 chromatids joined at a point called the centimetre
where does photosynthesis take place
chloroplasts
describe stage 1 of mitosis
the chromosomes become more visible when they form into 2 identical chromotides
describe stage 2 of mitosis
the chromatids shorten and thicken
describe stage 3 of mitosis
spindle fibres form, the nuclear membrane disintegrates and the spindle fibres fill the cell, each chromosome attaches to the spindle fibre at the cenotmeter
where do the chromosomes attach to the spinde fibres
centomere
describe stage 4 of mitosis
the chromatides are pulled apart by the spindle fibres and move to opposite ends of the cell (poles)
describe stage 5&6 of mitosis
the nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides creating 2 daughter cells
what is the name given to the original cell
mother cell
what is the names given to the 2 new cells created
daughter cells
what is the chromosome complement in humans
46
another name for cell division
mitosis
why is it important that the new cells produced have the diploid chromosomes complement
so it can function properly
what are stem cells
unspecialised cells that divide to produce more stem cells or produce cells that can go on to become specialised cells
where can stem cells be obtained (5)
-embryos
-foetuses
-umbilical cord blood
-amniotic fluid
-bone marrow and blood(these would be classed as tissue stem cells)
skin, liver,ancreas,muscels-frann
describe 2 main differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
embryonic have the ability to become any other cell but adult stem cells can only become one type of cell. Embryonic can divide continually(indefinitely )
why are the use of embryonic stem cells considered to be controversial
because its destroying a potential human life
if stem cell could produce organs, what problem that already inxsist could be overcome
you don’t need to wait for a death of a human for an organ donations
what is the defination of a tissue
a group of similar cells working together to preform a function/job
where would u find the cardiac muscle
round the heart
what is the difference between a tissue and an organ
organs are a group of tissues working together
what is cell sap
solution of sugar and salts
what is cellulose
what plant walls are made up of
what is the meaning of the term diploid
a cell containing a matching set of chromosomes
define the term multicellular organism
term used to describe organism which consists of more than one cell
define organel
structures within a cell each with a specific function
define unicellular
term used to describe an organism that consists of just one cell
what does mitosis do to the dipliod chromosomes complement
maintains it
state the location of the chromosomes
nucleas
what is the chromosome complement
the number of chromosomes found in the nucleas
order the higharche smallest to biggest organs, tissues,cells,system
cells, tissue,organs,system
where does cell division start
nucleas
where do the cells line up during the mitosis
equator
