controll and communication Flashcards
name the three parts of the nervous system
brain, spinal cord and nerves
what does CNS stand for
central nervous system
name the two components of the CNS
brain and spinal cord
why is an internal communication system needed in a multicellular organism
so that our organs can work independently and to co-ordinate internal activities
state the three parts of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla
what does the cerebrum do
it controls conscious thought, reasoning, memory and intelligence
what does the cerebellum do
controls muscular coordinations and balance
what does the medulla do
controls heart rate and breathing
state the 3 types of neurons
sensory, inter,motor
name the 5 sense organs and its stimulus
-ear-sound
-mouth-taste
-eye-light
-nose-scent
-skin-touch
where would u find receptors
in the sense organs
after the stimulus Is detected in the sense organs what happens
- stimulus is detected by receptors
2.electrical impulses carry messages along neuron’s to the CNS
3.the CNS process the information and coordinate a response by sending out an electrical nerve impulses to an effector
where would you find the effectors and what do they do
in the muscles and they make the response happen
what is the synaps
the space between neurons
in what form is the information carried along a nerve
electrical nerve impulses
what is a neurotransmitter
the chemical that transmit messages across the synaps between neuron’s
what is another name for a nerve cell
neuron
what does the sensory neuron connect
connects receptors to the CNS
what does the inter neuron connect
connects the sensory to the motor neuron in the CNS
why are reflex actions important
because they can prevent extra damage to the body
where does insulin get made
pancreas
name the neuron involved in the reflex arc
sensory neuron
3 examples of reflex actions
Blinking, sneezing and moving your hand away from a hot object
what is the space between nuerons called
synapse
how does an electrical impulse get transferred between neurons
a chemical transfer them between neurons
what are the glands that produce hormones
endocrine glands
what are hormones and how do they travel in the body
chemical messages that travel in the bloodstream
why do hormones only affect certain parts of the body
only the target tissues have complementary receptor proteins
why is the response to hormones is slower then the nervous system
because they travel through the blood but electrical impulses are carried by nerves
when do glucose levels rise
after a meal
when do glucose levels fall
during exercise or while sleeping at night
where are the hormones that control blood sugar level (insulin and glucagon) made
pancreas
name two hormones that control blood sugar levels
Glucagon and insulin
what is the optimal human body temoature
37 degrees
explain exactly how insulin controls blood glucose levels
-Insulin (Lowers blood glucose)
When the blood sugar is too high (after eating):
The pancreas releases insulin into the blood.
Insulin absorb glucose from the blood for energy.
It also tells the liver to store extra glucose as glycogen for later use.
resulting in the Blood glucose levels going down, bringing them back to normal
explain how Glucagon controls blood glucose levels
-Glucagon (Raises blood glucose)
When blood sugar is too low (between meals or during exercise):
The pancreas releases glucagon into the blood.
Glucagon tells the liver to release the stored glucose (glycogen) back into the bloodstream.
Result: Blood glucose levels go up, bringing them back to normal.
what conditions occurs if a person cannot control their blood glucose levels
type 1 diabetes
where’s glycogen stored
liver
explain the process that happens when blood glucose levels are to LOW to higher them
the pancreas produces less insulin and release a different hormone called glucagon. glucagon causes stored glycogen in the liver to be broken down into glucose. glucose released into the blood causing a rise in levels.
explain the process that happens when blood glucose levels are to HIGH to lower them
the high level trigger the release of insulin from the pancreas into the bloodstream. The insulin stimulates the liver to absorb glucose from the blood. The glucose is then converted into glycogen causing the levels to fall
where’s glycogen stored in the body
liver
which hormone is responsible for converting excess glucose into a storage carbohydrate
insulin
which hormone converts the storage carbohydrate back into glucose
glucagon
what is the gap between neutrons called
synapse
what is glucose used for in the body
energy
identify two reponses to an increase in body temperature
decreasing the blood flow to the skin
sweating as it cools down the body
identify two reponses to an decrease in body temperature
blood diverted from skin
shivering
arm hair stands up
why is it important that the body tempature is kept around 37’degrees
its the best temperature for the body enzymes to work
