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BIOLOGY s3 course > controll and communication > Flashcards

controll and communication Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name the three parts of the nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord and nerves

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2
Q

what does CNS stand for

A

central nervous system

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3
Q

name the two components of the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

why is an internal communication system needed in a multicellular organism

A

so that our organs can work independently and to co-ordinate internal activities

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5
Q

state the three parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla

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6
Q

what does the cerebrum do

A

it controls conscious thought, reasoning, memory and intelligence

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7
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

controls muscular coordinations and balance

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8
Q

what does the medulla do

A

controls heart rate and breathing

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9
Q

state the 3 types of neurons

A

sensory, inter,motor

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10
Q

name the 5 sense organs and its stimulus

A

-ear-sound
-mouth-taste
-eye-light
-nose-scent
-skin-touch

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11
Q

where would u find receptors

A

in the sense organs

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12
Q

after the stimulus Is detected in the sense organs what happens

A
  1. stimulus is detected by receptors
    2.electrical impulses carry messages along neuron’s to the CNS
    3.the CNS process the information and coordinate a response by sending out an electrical nerve impulses to an effector
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13
Q

where would you find the effectors and what do they do

A

in the muscles and they make the response happen

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14
Q

what is the synaps

A

the space between neurons

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15
Q

in what form is the information carried along a nerve

A

electrical nerve impulses

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16
Q

what is a neurotransmitter

A

the chemical that transmit messages across the synaps between neuron’s

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17
Q

what is another name for a nerve cell

A

neuron

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18
Q

what does the sensory neuron connect

A

connects receptors to the CNS

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19
Q

what does the inter neuron connect

A

connects the sensory to the motor neuron in the CNS

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20
Q

why are reflex actions important

A

because they can prevent extra damage to the body

21
Q

where does insulin get made

A

pancreas

22
Q

name the neuron involved in the reflex arc

A

sensory neuron

23
Q

3 examples of reflex actions

A

Blinking, sneezing and moving your hand away from a hot object

24
Q

what is the space between nuerons called

A

synapse

25
Q

how does an electrical impulse get transferred between neurons

A

a chemical transfer them between neurons

26
Q

what are the glands that produce hormones

A

endocrine glands

27
Q

what are hormones and how do they travel in the body

A

chemical messages that travel in the bloodstream

28
Q

why do hormones only affect certain parts of the body

A

only the target tissues have complementary receptor proteins

29
Q

why is the response to hormones is slower then the nervous system

A

because they travel through the blood but electrical impulses are carried by nerves

30
Q

when do glucose levels rise

A

after a meal

31
Q

when do glucose levels fall

A

during exercise or while sleeping at night

32
Q

where are the hormones that control blood sugar level (insulin and glucagon) made

A

pancreas

33
Q

name two hormones that control blood sugar levels

A

Glucagon and insulin

34
Q

what is the optimal human body temoature

A

37 degrees

35
Q

explain exactly how insulin controls blood glucose levels

A

-Insulin (Lowers blood glucose)

When the blood sugar is too high (after eating):

The pancreas releases insulin into the blood.

Insulin absorb glucose from the blood for energy.

It also tells the liver to store extra glucose as glycogen for later use.

resulting in the Blood glucose levels going down, bringing them back to normal

36
Q

explain how Glucagon controls blood glucose levels

A

-Glucagon (Raises blood glucose)

When blood sugar is too low (between meals or during exercise):

The pancreas releases glucagon into the blood.

Glucagon tells the liver to release the stored glucose (glycogen) back into the bloodstream.

Result: Blood glucose levels go up, bringing them back to normal.

37
Q

what conditions occurs if a person cannot control their blood glucose levels

A

type 1 diabetes

38
Q

where’s glycogen stored

A

liver

39
Q

explain the process that happens when blood glucose levels are to LOW to higher them

A

the pancreas produces less insulin and release a different hormone called glucagon. glucagon causes stored glycogen in the liver to be broken down into glucose. glucose released into the blood causing a rise in levels.

40
Q

explain the process that happens when blood glucose levels are to HIGH to lower them

A

the high level trigger the release of insulin from the pancreas into the bloodstream. The insulin stimulates the liver to absorb glucose from the blood. The glucose is then converted into glycogen causing the levels to fall

41
Q

where’s glycogen stored in the body

A

liver

42
Q

which hormone is responsible for converting excess glucose into a storage carbohydrate

A

insulin

43
Q

which hormone converts the storage carbohydrate back into glucose

A

glucagon

44
Q

what is the gap between neutrons called

A

synapse

45
Q

what is glucose used for in the body

A

energy

46
Q

identify two reponses to an increase in body temperature

A

decreasing the blood flow to the skin

sweating as it cools down the body

47
Q

identify two reponses to an decrease in body temperature

A

blood diverted from skin

shivering

arm hair stands up

48
Q

why is it important that the body tempature is kept around 37’degrees

A

its the best temperature for the body enzymes to work

BIOLOGY s3 course (4 decks)

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