Transport. Respiration. Excretion

Question 1

Hemoglobin

Answer 1

reddish-brown pigment, which gives blood its color and carries oxygen

Question 2

Myoglobin

Answer 2

a protein that stores oxygen in muscles

Question 3

Cellular respiration

Answer 3

the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy in the form of ATP for cellular processes

Question 3

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 3

‘energy currency’ in living things

Question 4

Adenosine

Answer 4

a molecule consisting of an adenine and a ribose sugar

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

the process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen.

Question 6

ATP yield

Answer 6

total number of ATP molecules synthesised during respiration

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

complex molecules are synthesised from simple ones

Question 8

Catabolism

Answer 8

complex molecules are degraded to simple ones

Question 9

Glycolysis

Answer 9

splitting of glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules

Question 10

Phosphorylation

Answer 10

addition of phosphoryl group during the reaction

Question 11

Cristae

Answer 11

folds of inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 12

ATP synthase

Answer 12

an enzyme responsible for ATP production

Question 12

Matrix

Answer 12

fluid which fills the mitochondria

Question 13

Krebs cycle

Answer 13

is a cycle of biochemical reactions, which produces CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP

Question 14

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 14

is the reaction in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, by releasing energy which is used to produce ATP

Question 15

Filtration

Answer 15

renal process whereby fluid in the blood is filtered across the capillaries of the glomerulus and into the urinary space of Bowman’s capsule

Question 16

Reabsorption

Answer 16

renal process that returns filtered water and nearly all major nutrients to blood

Question 17

Secretion

Answer 17

renal process that removes additional wastes from the blood and adds them to the filtrate

Question 18

Dialysate

Answer 18

the liquid into which material passes by way of the membrane in dialysis.

Question 19

Kidney transplant

Answer 19

a surgical procedure to remove a healthy, functioning kidney from a living or brain-dead donor and implant it into a patient with non-functioning kidneys