Biotechnology

Question 1

Biomechanics

Answer 1

a science that studies applying the basic principles of mechanics to living organism

Question 2

Bionics

Answer 2

is the applying of biologic methods of nature to the study and design of engineering technology

Question 3

Biofertilizer

Answer 3

is a fertilizer which contains living microorganisms which help plant growth

Question 4

Acidification

Answer 4

is the buildup of hydrogen cations, also called protons, reducing the pH

Question 5

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 5

is a process by which nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3) or other molecules available to living organisms.

Question 6

Antibodies

Answer 6

are used by the immune system to destroy pathogens

Question 7

Antimicrobial resistance

Answer 7

is the ability of a microorganism to stop an antimicrobial effect

Question 8

Bioleaching

Answer 8

is the extraction of metals from their ores by microbes

Question 9

Bioreactor

Answer 9

is a device in which biological active substances are produced by iving organisms

Question 10

Genetic marker

Answer 10

is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species

Question 11

Restriction enzymes

Answer 11

enzymes that cuts DNA at specific sites

Question 12

DNA cloning

Answer 12

enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites

Question 13

Vector delivers recombinant DNA to the cells of the organism

Answer 13

delivers recombinant DNA to the cells of the organism

Question 14

Growth factors

Answer 14

compounds that are capable of stimulation of growth, division and differentiation of cells

Question 15

Vaccine

Answer 15

immunobiological drug, which is used to produce immunity against infectious diseases

Question 16

Transgenic organism

Answer 16

an organism which contains DNA form another organism, and also called genetically modified organism

Question 17

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Answer 17

is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study

Question 18

DNA-polymerase

Answer 18

is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA

Question 19

Amplififcation

Answer 19

An increase in the frequency of a gene or chromosomal region, as a result of replicating a DNA segment by in vivo or in vitro process, such as by gene duplication or polymerase chain reaction, respectively

Question 20

Genetic engineering

Answer 20

is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism

Question 21

Antibiotics

Answer 21

is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria