Biotechnology Flashcards
Biomechanics
a science that studies applying the basic principles of mechanics to living organism
Bionics
is the applying of biologic methods of nature to the study and design of engineering technology
Biofertilizer
is a fertilizer which contains living microorganisms which help plant growth
Acidification
is the buildup of hydrogen cations, also called protons, reducing the pH
Nitrogen fixation
is a process by which nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3) or other molecules available to living organisms.
Antibodies
are used by the immune system to destroy pathogens
Antimicrobial resistance
is the ability of a microorganism to stop an antimicrobial effect
Bioleaching
is the extraction of metals from their ores by microbes
Bioreactor
is a device in which biological active substances are produced by iving organisms
Genetic marker
is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species
Restriction enzymes
enzymes that cuts DNA at specific sites
DNA cloning
enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites
Vector delivers recombinant DNA to the cells of the organism
delivers recombinant DNA to the cells of the organism
Growth factors
compounds that are capable of stimulation of growth, division and differentiation of cells
Vaccine
immunobiological drug, which is used to produce immunity against infectious diseases
Transgenic organism
an organism which contains DNA form another organism, and also called genetically modified organism
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study
DNA-polymerase
is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA
Amplififcation
An increase in the frequency of a gene or chromosomal region, as a result of replicating a DNA segment by in vivo or in vitro process, such as by gene duplication or polymerase chain reaction, respectively
Genetic engineering
is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism
Antibiotics
is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
