Molecular biology and biochemistry

Question 1

Disaccharide

Answer 1

a double sugar composed of two linked molecules of monosaccharides.

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

biological molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Question 3

Monosaccharide

Answer 3

a simple sugar, the basic unit of carbohydrates

Question 4

Polysaccharide

Answer 4

a large molecule composed of a long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkage.

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water

Question 6

Tryglyceride

Answer 6

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid

Question 7

Phospholipid

Answer 7

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

Question 8

Amino acid

Answer 8

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (— COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group

Question 9

Proteins

Answer 9

large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues

Question 10

Globular proteins

Answer 10

proteins coiled into compact shapes with hydrophilic outer surface that make them water soluble

Question 11

Fibrous proteins

Answer 11

proteins composed of long linear polypeptide chains that are bundled together to form strand or sheets

Question 12

Denaturation

Answer 12

process of altering the shape of a protein without breaking the peptide bonds that form primary structure

Question 13

DNA

Answer 13

a molecule which stores the genetic information of an organism and transmits that information from one generation to another

Question 14

Nucleotide

Answer 14

the basic building block of nucleic acid polymers; an organic compound made up of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 15

DNA replication

Answer 15

process by which DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division.

Question 16

Ribosome

Answer 16

sphere-shaped organelle composed of protein and rRNA that serves as the site of protein synthesis

Question 17

Messenger RNA

Answer 17

a type of RNA that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein

Question 18

Transfer RNA

Answer 18

a cloverleaf shaped RNA that transports specific amino acid to the ribosome

Question 19

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 19

component of ribosome functioning in protein synthesis.

Question 20

RNA

Answer 20

single-stranded nucleic acid that function in protein synthesis

Question 21

Steroids

Answer 21

a type of lipid characterised by carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings with various chemical groups attached