Transport of substances through cell membranes

Question 1

Which substances can diffuse through the cell membranes?

Answer 1

Lipid-soluable substances

Question 2

2 types of transport through th e cell membrane

Answer 2

Diffusion
Active transport

Question 3

2 types of diffusion

Answer 3

Simple
Facilitated

Question 4

What does water diffuse through in the cell membrane?

Answer 4

Acquaporins

Question 5

What does tubular pathways do?

Answer 5

Allow substance to move via simple diffusion from one side to the other

Question 6

When are pores open?

Answer 6

Always

Question 7

What creates selective permeability via gating of channels?

Answer 7

Tubular pathways

Question 8

2 features of protein channels

Answer 8

Selectively permeable
Gated

Question 9

What are selectivity filters line say?

Answer 9

Amino acid residues (negative charges)

Question 10

What are gated protein channels controlled by? (2)

Answer 10

Voltage gating
Chemical (ligand) gating

Question 11

What is an electrical current?

Answer 11

When ions ar removed from one point to another

Question 12

Different name for facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Carrier mediated diffusion

Question 13

What is the rate of simple diffusion directly proportional with?

Answer 13

Concentration of the diffusing substances

Question 14

Are the gated channels always open?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What is the rate of inward diffusion proportional to?

Answer 15

Concentration of molecules on the outside of the cell

Question 16

What is the rate of outward diffusion proportional to?

Answer 16

Concentration of molecules on the inside of the cell

Question 17

Factors that can effect the rate of diffusion

Answer 17

Concentration gradient
Electrical charge/gradient
Pressure difference

Question 18

What is osmosis?

Answer 18

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membranes

Question 19

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 19

Pressure required to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis

Question 20

What determines osmotic pressure?

Answer 20

The concentration of the solution

Question 21

Is osmolarity temperature dependant or independant?

Answer 21

Dependant

Question 22

Is osmolality temperature dependant or independant?

Answer 22

Independant

Question 23

What is the tonicity?

Answer 23

Ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell via osmosis

Question 24

What is oncotic pressure?

Answer 24

Osmotic pressure generated by proteins in solution

Question 25

2 types of active transport

Answer 25

Primary
Secondary

Question 26

Where does the energy in primary active transport come from ?

Answer 26

Energy derived from the breakdown of ATP

Question 27

Where does the energy in secondary active transport come from?

Answer 27

Energy derived from energy that has been stored psionic concentration differences or ionic substances

Question 28

Why is the sodium potassium pump important?

Answer 28

To keep the cellular volume constant and to help with functions of the cell

Question 29

What kind of active transporter is the sodium potassium pump?

Answer 29

Primary

Question 30

name 3 primary active transporters

Answer 30

Calcium pump
Sodium potassium pump
Hydrogen ion pump

Question 31

What couples the movement in secondary transport?

Answer 31

Cotransporter (because it’s moving substances in the same direction)
Antiporters (because they transport ions in opposite direction

Question 32

Different name for cotransporters

Answer 32

Symporters

Question 33

Different name for antiporters

Answer 33

Countertransporters

Question 34

What is glucose and amino acids cotransported with?

Answer 34

Sodium