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Biology > Transport in Plants and Animals > Flashcards

Transport in Plants and Animals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do phloem have seiv plates?

A

Allows sugar to move from one cell to the next

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2
Q

What gives red blood cells their large surface area

A

Their bioconcave shape

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3
Q

What lets red blood cells carry oxygen around the body

A

Haemoglobin

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4
Q

What can stem cells be used for

A

To grow replacement organs
Repair damaged heart tissue
Grow new skin cells for a skin graft

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5
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry electrical impulses from sense organs to the CNS

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6
Q

Inter neurons

A

Carry eletrical impulses front sensory neurons to motor neuron- only found in the CNS

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7
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry electrical impulses from CNS to mucle or gland (effector)

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8
Q

Synapses

A

A synaps occurs between neurons

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9
Q

What is pollination

A

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

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10
Q

Parts of a flower are

A 
The stigma 
Anther
Petal
Filament 
Sepal
Ovule
Style
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11
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A

Chromosomes are replicating
Chromosomes shorten and thicken
Chromosomes line up at the equator and spindle fibers attach at the centromere
Chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Nucleus reforms in each new daughter cell and cytoplasm divides

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12
Q

What does the cerebrum do

A

Concious thought memory and reasoning

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13
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A

Balance and muscular co-ordination

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14
Q

What does the medulla do

A

Controls heart and breathing rate

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15
Q

Genotype

A

Set of genes possessed by an organism

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16
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance of an organism

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17
Q

Heterozygous

A

Possesing two different forms of genes

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18
Q

Homozygous

A

Possessing two identical forms of the gene

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19
Q

Dominant

A

Characteristics which are always expressed

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20
Q

Recessive

A

Characteristics which are masked by the dominant one

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21
Q

What does the xylem do

A

Absorb water from the roots and transport it to the leaves

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22
Q

What does lignin do

A

Keep the xylem vessels open and streanthen the plant

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23
Q

Arteries

A

Have thick elastic muscular walls to withstand the high pressure of the blood traveling away from the heart

24
Q

Alveolus

A

Are for gass exchange, they have a large surface area and a thin lining. They are next to a good blood supply and moist

25
Q

Transpiration

A 
Leaves lose water constantly through stoma pores
It can be effected by
Wind speed 
Temperature
Humidity
Light intensity
26
Q

Stomata

A

Their function is to allow CO2 to enter the leaf for photosynthesis. They only need to be open during the day. The gaurd cells swell to open and shrink to close

27
Q

Veins

A

Veins are under less pressure than arteries so have much thinner walls. To keep blood moving to the heart they use valves to prevent backflow

28
Q

Capillaries

A

Are where materials are exchanged between blood and tissues. They’re only one cell thick and allow diffusion to happen quickly and easily

29
Q

What is the purpose of root hairs

A

Increases the surface area for maximum water uptake

30
Q

Phloem

A

Transports glucose throughout the plant

31
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny pores in the epidermis of the leaf. They can open and close and are controlled by guard cells. They allow gas exchange but also water loss

32
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water through leaves. Mainly evaporates through the stomata

33
Q

What can affect the rate of transpiration is effected by

A

Humidity, temperature, and surface area

34
Q

Red blood cells carry

A

Oxygen, they have no nucleus

35
Q

Why are red blood cells specialised?

A

Have a biconcave shape for an increased surface area

36
Q

Where is haemoglobin found

A

Red blood cells

37
Q

White blood cells…..

A

Are part of the immune system and destroy microorganisms called pathogens

38
Q

Phagocytes…

A

Provide general protection against pathogens. Destroy them by phagocytosis

39
Q

Phagocytosis is…

A

When the foreign particle is engulfed and then digested by enzymes

40
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce proteins called antibodies which destroy pathogens
Antibodies are specific to a particular pathogen
They bind to pathogens which causes the pathogen to become inactive

41
Q

The three types of blood vessels are

A

Arteries, capillaries and veins

42
Q

How does blood flow

A

It circulates from the heart to the arteries to the capillaries to the veins and back to the heart

43
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart
Thick muscular wall
Narrow central channel
Carry blood at h

44
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to the heart
Thin muscular wall
Wider central channel with valves
Carry blood at low pressure

45
Q

Capillaries

A

Form networks at tissue and organs
Thin walls one cell thick
Microscopic cavity
Large surface area allows for efficient gas exchange with blood cells

46
Q

What is the heart made up of

A

Four chambers , two upper arteries and two lower ventricles

47
Q

Vena cara

A

Caries deoxygenated blood from body to heart

48
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

49
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

50
Q

Aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood from heart to all body parts

51
Q

Aveola

A

Absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide through the thin walls from the capillaries

52
Q

Small intestine

A

Nutrients from food are absorbed into the villi in the small intestine

53
Q

Villi

A

The large number of thin walled villi provides a large surface area for absorption of materials
Villi contain a network of capillaries to absorb glucose and amino acids and a lacteal to absorb fatty acids and glycerol

54
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol

A

Fats are broken down into

55
Q

Proteins are broken down into

A

Amino acids

56
Q

Pathway of air in the lungs

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, Alveoli

57
Q

Pathway of blood through the heart

A

Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle. Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Biology (15 decks)

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