Transport In Human Flashcards
Why mouse don’t have circulatory system ?
Because they have large surface area to volume ratio as they are small
Function of red blood cell
Transport oxygen
Adaptations of red blood cell
-biconcave disc to increase surface area to get more oxygen by diffusion
-no nucleus to provide more space to be packed with haemoglobin to carry more oxygen
Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen
Function of plasma
Transport water, dissolved nutrients,wastes, hormones,heat energy, carbon dioxide
What are two parts of blood
Plasma
Cells
What two parts of white blood cell
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
Function of phagocytes
Kill pathogen
Engulfs pathogn and digested by hydrolytic enzyme
Function of lymphocytes
-Produce antibodies
-Identify foregin antigens and produce antibodies that stick to this antigen
-antibody label pathogen to be engulfed by phagocytes
-lymphocytes form memory cells to recognize pathogen upon second exposure
Blood clotting process
When blood vessel are cut and tissues are damaged platelets release enzyme that change prothrombin to thrombin which activates change of fibrinogen(soluble) to fibrin that form network of fibres that traps blood cells form blood clot which develops into scab that stop bleeding and prevent entry of pathogens
Function of scab
Stop blood loss
Prevent entry of microorganisms
Adaption of arteries
Arteries have strong wall to withstand the high pressure
Narrow lumen to maintain high pressure
Contains muscles and elastic tissues to vasoconstriction and vasodilatation
Function of artieries
Transport oxygenated blood to body
Adaptations of capillaries
Thin wall for short diffusion distance for faster rate of diffusion
Large surface area for faster diffusion
Pores between their cells for facillate diffusion
Contain valves to prevent back flow of blood
Adaption of veins
Carry blood back to heart
Lumen wide to decrease resistance to blood flow
Contain valves to stop blood flowing backwards
Thin wall to be easily swueezed by skeletal muscles
