transport in cellz Flashcards
what does turgid mean
enlarged and swollen with water
what does plasmolysed mean
a cell that has collapsed
what does active transport require
it requires energy (ATP)
what happens in active transport
molecules/ions move against a concentration gradient across a semi permeable membrane
what does phloem do
transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant
what does xylem do
transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves
phloem cells are elongated and have pores through which the sap can flow, this is called
translocation
xylem cells are …., …… and strengthened and waterproofed by lignin
this is called the ………
dead
hollow
transpiration stream
guard cells control
the opening and closing of the stomata
most chloroplasts are
at the top of the cells
the top surface has a ……. to act as a barrier to stop ……. evaporating from the cells
thick waxy cuticle
water
….. of photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts
80%
mature xylem vessels
contain no cytoplasm
have tough walls containing lignin
what is the role of the leaf
sit of photosynthesis
site of water loss by transpiration
site of gas exchange
what is the role of the stem
gives the plant structure/support
contains xylem and phloem for transport
can photosynthesise
transpiration stream
what is the role of the roots
anchors the plant
absorbs water and minerals
where are xylem and phloem found in the leaf
found in vascular bundles
phloem found nearer lower surface
xylem above the phloem
where are xylem and phloem found in the stem
vascular bundles near edge of stem
phloem further towards the edge with xylem more inside
where are xylem and phloem found in the roots
vascular bundles towards the center of the root
xylem in a central x with phloem tubes around the sidea
what is transpiration used for
used for cooling the plant
mineral transport
getting water to cells for: photosynthesis
osmosis, enabling turgidity and support
what is transported in translocation
sugars
dissolved mineral ions
amino acids
give an example of something that will diffuse into cells
water, oxygen
give an example of a substance which will diffuse out of cells
carbon dioxide
diffusion definition
the spreading of the particles of a gas or the particles of any substance in a solution eg glucose resulting in a net movement from a region where they are of higher concentration to low concentration
inhalation
the intercostal muscles between the …. contract
this moves the ribs … and ..
at the same time, the diaphragm muscle ……… and moves ….
the volume of air inside the chest ………
this decreases the …….. inside the chest. the air pressure outside the chest is higher so air enters the lungs
ribs
out up
contracts
down
increases
pressure
exhalation
the intercostal muscles …..
the ribs are moved …. and ..
at the same time, the diaphragm ……. and moves ..
the volume of air inside the chest ………
this increases the …….. inside the chest. the air pressure outside the chest is now lower so air leaves the lungs
relax
down in
relaxes up
decreases
pressure
what moves during osmosis
water
what is a partially permeable membrane
allows only small particles eg ions, molecules to pass through
osmosis definition
osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a place of high water potential to a place of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane
what part of the cell does visking tubing represent
the cell membrane
isotonic means
having the same conc as the inside of the cell
hypertonic means
a higher conc compared to the inside of the cell
hypotonic means
having a lower conc compared to the inside of the cell
ATP is released during
aerobic respiration
active transport takes place in the roots in
the uptake of minerals
active transport takes place in the gut in the
uptake of glucose
active transport takes place in the kidney in the process of
reabsorption
