transport in cellz

Question 1

what does turgid mean

Answer 1

enlarged and swollen with water

Question 2

what does plasmolysed mean

Answer 2

a cell that has collapsed

Question 3

what does active transport require

Answer 3

it requires energy (ATP)

Question 4

what happens in active transport

Answer 4

molecules/ions move against a concentration gradient across a semi permeable membrane

Question 5

what does phloem do

Answer 5

transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 6

what does xylem do

Answer 6

transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves

Question 7

phloem cells are elongated and have pores through which the sap can flow, this is called

Answer 7

translocation

Question 8

xylem cells are …., …… and strengthened and waterproofed by lignin
this is called the ………

Answer 8

dead
hollow
transpiration stream

Question 9

guard cells control

Answer 9

the opening and closing of the stomata

Question 10

most chloroplasts are

Answer 10

at the top of the cells

Question 11

the top surface has a ……. to act as a barrier to stop ……. evaporating from the cells

Answer 11

thick waxy cuticle
water

Question 12

….. of photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

mature xylem vessels

Answer 13

contain no cytoplasm
have tough walls containing lignin

Question 14

what is the role of the leaf

Answer 14

sit of photosynthesis
site of water loss by transpiration
site of gas exchange

Question 15

what is the role of the stem

Answer 15

gives the plant structure/support
contains xylem and phloem for transport
can photosynthesise
transpiration stream

Question 16

what is the role of the roots

Answer 16

anchors the plant
absorbs water and minerals

Question 17

where are xylem and phloem found in the leaf

Answer 17

found in vascular bundles
phloem found nearer lower surface
xylem above the phloem

Question 18

where are xylem and phloem found in the stem

Answer 18

vascular bundles near edge of stem
phloem further towards the edge with xylem more inside

Question 19

where are xylem and phloem found in the roots

Answer 19

vascular bundles towards the center of the root
xylem in a central x with phloem tubes around the sidea

Question 20

what is transpiration used for

Answer 20

used for cooling the plant
mineral transport
getting water to cells for: photosynthesis
osmosis, enabling turgidity and support

Question 21

what is transported in translocation

Answer 21

sugars
dissolved mineral ions
amino acids

Question 22

give an example of something that will diffuse into cells

Answer 22

water, oxygen

Question 23

give an example of a substance which will diffuse out of cells

Answer 23

carbon dioxide

Question 24

diffusion definition

Answer 24

the spreading of the particles of a gas or the particles of any substance in a solution eg glucose resulting in a net movement from a region where they are of higher concentration to low concentration

Question 25

inhalation
the intercostal muscles between the …. contract
this moves the ribs … and ..
at the same time, the diaphragm muscle ……… and moves ….
the volume of air inside the chest ………
this decreases the …….. inside the chest. the air pressure outside the chest is higher so air enters the lungs

Answer 25

ribs
out up
contracts
down
increases
pressure

Question 26

exhalation
the intercostal muscles …..
the ribs are moved …. and ..
at the same time, the diaphragm ……. and moves ..
the volume of air inside the chest ………
this increases the …….. inside the chest. the air pressure outside the chest is now lower so air leaves the lungs

Answer 26

relax
down in
relaxes up
decreases
pressure

Question 27

what moves during osmosis

Answer 27

water

Question 28

what is a partially permeable membrane

Answer 28

allows only small particles eg ions, molecules to pass through

Question 29

osmosis definition

Answer 29

osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a place of high water potential to a place of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 30

what part of the cell does visking tubing represent

Answer 30

the cell membrane

Question 31

isotonic means

Answer 31

having the same conc as the inside of the cell

Question 32

hypertonic means

Answer 32

a higher conc compared to the inside of the cell

Question 33

hypotonic means

Answer 33

having a lower conc compared to the inside of the cell

Question 34

ATP is released during

Answer 34

aerobic respiration

Question 35

active transport takes place in the roots in

Answer 35

the uptake of minerals

Question 36

active transport takes place in the gut in the

Answer 36

uptake of glucose

Question 37

active transport takes place in the kidney in the process of

Answer 37

reabsorption