Transport in Animals

Question 1

Circulatory System

What is it?

Answer 1

A system of blood vessels and the heart to move blood through the body.
Parts: Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries.

Question 2

Single Circulation (Fish)

How it works:

Answer 2

Blood flows through the heart once.
Parts: 2 heart chambers (atrium and ventricle).

Question 3

Double Circulation (Mammals)

How it works:

Answer 3

Blood flows through the heart twice.
Parts: 4 heart chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricles).

Question 4

The Heart

Answer 4

Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood.
Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs.
Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 5

Heart Valves

Answer 5

Function: Keep blood flowing in one direction.
Types: Atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves.

Question 6

Arteries

Answer 6

Function: Carry blood away from the heart.
Structure: Thick walls, small lumen (high pressure).

Question 7

Veins

Answer 7

Function: Carry blood to the heart.
Structure: Thin walls, large lumen (low pressure). Valves prevent backflow.

Question 8

Capillaries

Answer 8

Function: Exchange of substances (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide).
Structure: One-cell-thick walls.

Question 9

Red Blood Cells:

Answer 9

Carry oxygen with hemoglobin.

Question 10

White Blood Cells

Answer 10

Fight infections.

Question 11

Platelets

Answer 11

Help with clotting.

Question 12

Plasma

Answer 12

Transports nutrients and waste.

Question 13

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 13

Cause: Blocked coronary arteries.
Prevention: Healthy diet, exercise, avoid smoking.