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random Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the xylem located in a root cross-section?

A

The xylem is in an X-shape at the center of the root.

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2
Q

Where is the phloem located in a root cross-section?

A

The phloem surrounds the xylem in a circular arrangement, outside the X-shape.

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3
Q

What layers surround the vascular tissue in roots?

A

The vascular tissue is enclosed by the endodermis and pericycle.

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4
Q

How are vascular bundles arranged in a stem cross-section?

A

They are arranged in a ring near the edge of the stem.

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5
Q

In a stem’s vascular bundle, where is the xylem located?

A

The xylem is towards the inside of the vascular bundle.

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6
Q

In a stem’s vascular bundle, where is the phloem located?

A

The phloem is towards the outside of the vascular bundle.

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7
Q

What structure is located between xylem and phloem in stems?

A

The cambium is between the xylem and phloem.

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8
Q

Where is the xylem located in a leaf cross-section?

A

The xylem is on the upper side of the vascular bundle (closer to the upper epidermis).

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9
Q

Where is the phloem located in a leaf cross-section?

A

The phloem is on the lower side of the vascular bundle (closer to the lower epidermis).

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10
Q

What is the main role of xylem?

A

To transport water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.

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11
Q

What is the main role of phloem?

A

To transport food (sugars) made in the leaves to other parts of the plant.

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12
Q

What part of the leaf contains the vascular bundle?

A

The vascular bundle is located in the midrib of the leaf.

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13
Q

What is the shape of the xylem in a root cross-section?

A

It forms an X-shape.

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14
Q

Why is the xylem positioned at the center of the root?

A

To provide structural support as roots anchor the plant in the soil.

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15
Q

Why is the phloem positioned outside the xylem in roots?

A

To allow easy transport of food to the rest of the plant.

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16
Q

What is the function of the cambium in stems?

A

It is a layer of cells that divide to produce new xylem and phloem, aiding in the stem’s growth.

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17
Q

What is the arrangement of vascular bundles in monocot stems?

A

They are scattered throughout the stem.

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18
Q

What is the arrangement of vascular bundles in dicot stems?

A

They are arranged in a ring near the edge of the stem.

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19
Q

What does the vascular bundle in a leaf contain?

A

Xylem and phloem.

20
Q

Why is the xylem on the upper side of a leaf’s vascular bundle?

A

To transport water directly to the photosynthetic cells near the upper epidermis.

21
Q

Why is the phloem on the lower side of a leaf’s vascular bundle?

A

To collect sugars from photosynthetic cells and transport them to other parts of the plant.

22
Q

What protects the vascular bundle in a leaf?

A

It is protected by a bundle sheath of cells.

23
Q

Why is the arrangement of vascular bundles in stems important?

A

It provides strength and flexibility, allowing the stem to support leaves and flowers.

24
Q

What role does the pericycle play in roots?

A

It helps in the formation of lateral roots.

25
Q

What is the role of the endodermis in roots?

A

It regulates the movement of water and minerals into the xylem.

26
Q

What distinguishes monocot and dicot roots?

A

Monocot roots have a ring of vascular bundles, while dicot roots have an X-shaped xylem at the center.

27
Q

How do xylem vessels appear in a microscope cross-section?

A

They are large, hollow cells.

28
Q

How do phloem cells appear in a microscope cross-section?

A

They are smaller and have companion cells associated with them.

29
Q

Why is the xylem stronger than the phloem?

A

It has lignin in its walls, providing mechanical strength.

30
Q

What type of cells make up the phloem?

A

Sieve tube elements and companion cells.

31
Q

What type of cells make up the xylem?

A

Vessels and tracheids.

32
Q

What is the direction of flow in xylem?

A

Upwards, from roots to leaves.

33
Q

What is the direction of flow in phloem?

A

Both up and down, depending on where food is needed.

34
Q

What is the main structural feature of roots?

A

Roots have a central vascular cylinder with xylem in an X-shape surrounded by phloem in a circular pattern.

35
Q

What surrounds the vascular cylinder in roots?

A

The vascular cylinder is surrounded by the endodermis and pericycle, with an outer protective epidermis.

36
Q

What is the function of root hairs?

A

Root hairs increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption.

37
Q

What are the primary functions of roots?

A

To anchor the plant, absorb water and minerals, and transport them to the stem.

38
Q

How are vascular bundles arranged in leaves?

A

Veins contain xylem on the upper side and phloem on the lower side.

39
Q

What covers the surface of leaves to reduce water loss?

A

Leaves are covered by a waxy cuticle.

40
Q

What is the function of stomata in leaves?

A

Stomata allow gas exchange and are controlled by guard cells.

41
Q

What is the primary role of leaves?

A

To perform photosynthesis and produce food for the plant.

42
Q

How are vascular bundles arranged in the stem of dicots?

A

In a ring near the edge of the stem.

43
Q

How are vascular bundles arranged in the stem of monocots?

A

Scattered throughout the stem.

44
Q

Where are xylem and phloem located in the vascular bundles of stems?

A

Xylem is on the inside, and phloem is on the outside, with cambium in between.

45
Q

What are the main functions of the stem?

A

To support the plant, transport water and nutrients, and store food in some plants.

46
Q

What is the role of cambium in the stem?

A

It produces new xylem and phloem, allowing the stem to grow.

47
Q

Why is the arrangement of vascular bundles important in stems?

A

It provides structural strength and flexibility to support the plant.

Biology (14 decks)

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