Transport in animals Flashcards
Why do organisms need a transport system
So oxygen and nutrients can be supplied and waste products can be removed
What are the three main features of an organism which influence the need for a transport system
Size of the organism
Level of metabolic activity
SA:VOLUME
Do larger animals have a
Large SA:VOLUME
or a
Small SA:VOLUME
Larger animals have a smaller surface area:volume ratio
what are the features of an Effective transport system
-Medium/ fluid: The blood
-Exchange surfaces-capillaries
-a pump to push fluid around body- heart
what features make up an efficient transport system
Vessels to carry blood by mass flow
Two circuits- one to pick up oxygen and one to send oxygen to the tissues in the body
what type of circulatory system do fish have
Single circulatory system-
what is a single circulatory system
blood flows in heart once for each circuit of the body
what is a double circulatory system and which organisms has these
A double circulatory system means blood flows through heart twice for each circuit of the body
Mammals have a double circulatory system
In a double circulatory system, there is pulmonary and systemic circulation.
What is the difference between the two
Pulmonary circulation- blood is carried to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
Systemic circulation- blood carries oxygen round body to the tissue
why is it beneficial for double circulatory systems to only pass through one capillary network
Capillary networks lower blood pressure and speed of flow.
The double circulatory has two circuits, therefore only has to pass through a capillary network once.
Maintaining a high blood pressure and average speed of flow.
what is an open circulatory system
Blood is not held in blood vessels, blood is held in body cavity. Tissues and cells are directly bathed in blood.
What is a closed circulatory system
Blood is held within vessels
Insects have an open circulatory system, blood from the body enters the insects heart through pores. What is the name of the pores
Ostia.
How do insects circulate their blood
blood enters heart via Ostia (pores).
heart pumps blood to head by peristalsis
blood in the forward end of the heart, pours into a body cavity
What can assist blood circulation in open circulatory systems
Body movements- help circulate blood.
What fluid bathes tissue and cells in double circulatory systems
Tissue fluid
What is the difference between a single circulatory system and an open circulatory system
Single- blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body
Open- blood isn’t held in blood vessels
what circulatory system does the image show
Double circulatory system- blood is flowing through the heart twice for each body circuit
What advantages are there to blood being held in blood vessels and tissues and cells being independently bathed by a different fluid, tissue fluid?
Makes body movements independent to circulation
more rapid removal of waste products
rapid delivery of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Easier to maintain a higher blood pressure
Why do arteries have a small lumen
Arteries have a small lumen to maintain high blood pressure
Why do artery walls need to be thick
To withstand the high pressure
what are the three layers of the artery wall
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
The tunica intima is the inner layer, what is the tunica intima made of
Elastic tissue to allow stretch and recoil.
what does the tunica media consist of
layer of smooth muscle
