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Transport in animals > Transport in animals > Flashcards

Transport in animals Flashcards

1
Q

Why do organisms need a transport system

A

So oxygen and nutrients can be supplied and waste products can be removed

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2
Q

What are the three main features of an organism which influence the need for a transport system

A

Size of the organism
Level of metabolic activity
SA:VOLUME

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3
Q

Do larger animals have a
Large SA:VOLUME
or a
Small SA:VOLUME

A

Larger animals have a smaller surface area:volume ratio

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4
Q

what are the features of an Effective transport system

A

-Medium/ fluid: The blood
-Exchange surfaces-capillaries
-a pump to push fluid around body- heart

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5
Q

what features make up an efficient transport system

A

Vessels to carry blood by mass flow
Two circuits- one to pick up oxygen and one to send oxygen to the tissues in the body

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6
Q

what type of circulatory system do fish have

A

Single circulatory system-

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7
Q

what is a single circulatory system

A

blood flows in heart once for each circuit of the body

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8
Q

what is a double circulatory system and which organisms has these

A

A double circulatory system means blood flows through heart twice for each circuit of the body
Mammals have a double circulatory system

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9
Q

In a double circulatory system, there is pulmonary and systemic circulation.
What is the difference between the two

A

Pulmonary circulation- blood is carried to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
Systemic circulation- blood carries oxygen round body to the tissue

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10
Q

why is it beneficial for double circulatory systems to only pass through one capillary network

A

Capillary networks lower blood pressure and speed of flow.
The double circulatory has two circuits, therefore only has to pass through a capillary network once.
Maintaining a high blood pressure and average speed of flow.

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11
Q

what is an open circulatory system

A

Blood is not held in blood vessels, blood is held in body cavity. Tissues and cells are directly bathed in blood.

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12
Q

What is a closed circulatory system

A

Blood is held within vessels

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13
Q

Insects have an open circulatory system, blood from the body enters the insects heart through pores. What is the name of the pores

A

Ostia.

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14
Q

How do insects circulate their blood

A

blood enters heart via Ostia (pores).
heart pumps blood to head by peristalsis
blood in the forward end of the heart, pours into a body cavity

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15
Q

What can assist blood circulation in open circulatory systems

A

Body movements- help circulate blood.

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16
Q

What fluid bathes tissue and cells in double circulatory systems

A

Tissue fluid

17
Q

What is the difference between a single circulatory system and an open circulatory system

A

Single- blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body
Open- blood isn’t held in blood vessels

18
Q

what circulatory system does the image show

A

Double circulatory system- blood is flowing through the heart twice for each body circuit

19
Q

What advantages are there to blood being held in blood vessels and tissues and cells being independently bathed by a different fluid, tissue fluid?

A

Makes body movements independent to circulation
more rapid removal of waste products
rapid delivery of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Easier to maintain a higher blood pressure

20
Q

Why do arteries have a small lumen

A

Arteries have a small lumen to maintain high blood pressure

21
Q

Why do artery walls need to be thick

A

To withstand the high pressure

22
Q

what are the three layers of the artery wall

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

23
Q

The tunica intima is the inner layer, what is the tunica intima made of

A

Elastic tissue to allow stretch and recoil.

24
Q

what does the tunica media consist of

A

layer of smooth muscle

25
Q

what does the tunica adventitia

A

collagen and elastic tissue- withstand high pressure and recoil to maintain the pressure

26
Q

What is the arteriole

A

small vessels that distribute blood from an artery

27
Q

Arteries and veins compose of the same tissue. what are they

A

Lumen
endothelium
collagen
elastic fibres
smooth muscle

28
Q

what is a capillary

A

very small vessels with thin walls

29
Q

describe the advantages of capillaries being squished against red blood cells

A

helps transfer of oxygen as it reduces the diffusion distance to the tissues.

30
Q

what type of cells line the capillary wall

A

squashed endothelial cells

31
Q

capillary walls are leaky. what does this mean

A

allow blood plasma and dissolved substances to leave

32
Q

what is a venule

A

small vessels which transport blood from capillaries to veins

33
Q

why do veins have valves

A

help blood go to the heart and prevent back flow

34
Q

why do veins only have thin layers of collagen, elastic fibres, smooth muscle

A

because they do not need to actively constrict or stretch and recoil to reduce blood flow

35
Q

why is the lumen of a vein large

A

to ease blood flow

as blood flow is slower, but lumen is large, meaning a large volume of blood can still be delivered despite the slow blood flow

Transport in animals (5 decks)

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