Transport in animals Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the propose of blood

A
  • transports oxygen
  • transports nutrients: glucose, amino acids, proteins, lipoproteins
  • regulates body temperature
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2
Q

what is the composition of blood

A

A) plasm: liquid component -water + minerals

B) cellular: cells
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
lymphocytes (white blood cells)
trombocytes (platelets)

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3
Q

where are the cells in the blood made

A

bone marrow

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4
Q

where to T-cell mature

A

thyroid gland

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5
Q

where do B-cells mature

A

in the bones

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6
Q

what is the structure of a red blood cell

A

biconcave disc containing no nucleus but plenty of haemoglobin

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7
Q

what is the structure of white blood cells

A

large cells containing a big nucleus, different types exist

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8
Q

what are platelets

A

fragments of cells

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9
Q

what are the the advantages of double circulation

A
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10
Q

what is the purpose of the aorta

A

carries oxygenated blood out of the tissues. blood pressure is at its highest here , and the strongest pulse is felt here

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11
Q

what is the purpose of the pulmonary vein

A

returns oxygenated blood from the lungs

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12
Q

what is the purpose of the left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs

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13
Q

what is the purpose of the bicuspid valves

A

prevent backflow

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the left ventricle

A

pumps blood of high pressure out of the arteries

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15
Q

what is the purpose of the wall of the left ventricle

A

thick and muscular because it must force blood through the arteries to all the tissues in the body

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16
Q

what is the purpose of the septum

A

wall between left and right sides of the heart, separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

17
Q

what is the purpose of the semilunar valves

A

prevent blood running back into the ventricles when pressure falls during relaxation

18
Q

what is the purpose of the vena cava

A

returns deoxygenated blood from the head and lower body to the right atrium

19
Q

what is the purpose of the right atrium

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava, the pacemaker is found in the wall of the right atrium

20
Q

what is the purpose of the tricuspid valve

A

prevents backflow during contraction

21
Q

what is the purpose of the right ventricle

A

pumps blood at high pressure out to the lungs

22
Q

what is the purpose of the tendons

A

are tightened to make sure that the valve does not turn inside out when the ventricle wall contract

23
Q

what is the purpose of the pulmonary arterie

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

24
Q

remember A-A and V-T

A

arteries away and veins towards

25
Q

what is an artery

A

carry’s blood away from the heart

  • thick muscle wall, to withstand high pressure
  • large lumen
26
Q

what is a vein

A

carry’s blood to the heart

  • thick muscle wall
  • valves to prevent backflow
  • large lumen
27
Q

what is a capillary

A

smallest blood vessel
RBC can only fir through it

  • endothelial cells
  • RBC
  • gaps
  • plasm exits via blood
28
Q

points on Coronary heart disease

A
  • coronary artery, that provides blood to the heart, gets blocked
  • this leads to heart attacks
29
Q

points on Atherosclerosis

A
  • build up a plague in the blood vessels
  • can also be caused by fibross tissue
30
Q

points on Deep Vein Thrombosis

A
  • clot (of blood) is formed in the veins (in legs)
  • can dislodge and travel to coronary artery or blood vessels in the brain, leading to a stroke
31
Q

what are the treatments for Coronary diseases

A

A) stents:
- wire mesh with balloon is inserted at the point of blockage
- the balloon is inflated causing the mesh to open the blockage
- the balloon is then removed

B) statins:
- a medication that acts as blood thinners
- the dual effect:
1) makes blood flow faster making it easier to circumvent partial blockages
2) reduces blood clotting (thrombosis)

C) bypass:
- add a blood vessel to give a path around the blockage site
- blood vessel is usually abstained from the leg or foot

32
Q

describe the blood clotting process

A
  1. have an open wound (bleeding)
  2. in the blood you have soluble fibrinogen (protein), platelets and the inactive enzyme prohibit
  3. when cells are damaged from the wound, clotting factors are released causing inflammation
  4. the clotting factors are also released from the platelets which activate prothrombin into thrombin
  5. thrombin reacts with fibrinogen converting it into insoluble fibrin
  6. fibrin creates a mesh that stops blood cells from escaping the wound