Transport in animals

Question 1

what is the propose of blood

Answer 1

• transports oxygen
• transports nutrients: glucose, amino acids, proteins, lipoproteins
• regulates body temperature

Question 2

what is the composition of blood

Answer 2

A) plasm: liquid component -water + minerals

B) cellular: cells
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
lymphocytes (white blood cells)
trombocytes (platelets)

Question 3

where are the cells in the blood made

Answer 3

bone marrow

Question 4

where to T-cell mature

Answer 4

thyroid gland

Question 5

where do B-cells mature

Answer 5

in the bones

Question 6

what is the structure of a red blood cell

Answer 6

biconcave disc containing no nucleus but plenty of haemoglobin

Question 7

what is the structure of white blood cells

Answer 7

large cells containing a big nucleus, different types exist

Question 8

what are platelets

Answer 8

fragments of cells

Question 9

what are the the advantages of double circulation

Question 10

what is the purpose of the aorta

Answer 10

carries oxygenated blood out of the tissues. blood pressure is at its highest here , and the strongest pulse is felt here

Question 11

what is the purpose of the pulmonary vein

Answer 11

returns oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 12

what is the purpose of the left atrium

Answer 12

receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs

Question 13

what is the purpose of the bicuspid valves

Answer 13

prevent backflow

Question 14

what is the purpose of the left ventricle

Answer 14

pumps blood of high pressure out of the arteries

Question 15

what is the purpose of the wall of the left ventricle

Answer 15

thick and muscular because it must force blood through the arteries to all the tissues in the body

Question 16

what is the purpose of the septum

Answer 16

wall between left and right sides of the heart, separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 17

what is the purpose of the semilunar valves

Answer 17

prevent blood running back into the ventricles when pressure falls during relaxation

Question 18

what is the purpose of the vena cava

Answer 18

returns deoxygenated blood from the head and lower body to the right atrium

Question 19

what is the purpose of the right atrium

Answer 19

receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava, the pacemaker is found in the wall of the right atrium

Question 20

what is the purpose of the tricuspid valve

Answer 20

prevents backflow during contraction

Question 21

what is the purpose of the right ventricle

Answer 21

pumps blood at high pressure out to the lungs

Question 22

what is the purpose of the tendons

Answer 22

are tightened to make sure that the valve does not turn inside out when the ventricle wall contract

Question 23

what is the purpose of the pulmonary arterie

Answer 23

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 24

remember A-A and V-T

Answer 24

arteries away and veins towards

Question 25

what is an artery

Answer 25

carry’s blood away from the heart

• thick muscle wall, to withstand high pressure
• large lumen

Question 26

what is a vein

Answer 26

carry’s blood to the heart

• thick muscle wall
• valves to prevent backflow
• large lumen

Question 27

what is a capillary

Answer 27

smallest blood vessel
RBC can only fir through it

• endothelial cells
• RBC
• gaps
• plasm exits via blood

Question 28

points on Coronary heart disease

Answer 28

• coronary artery, that provides blood to the heart, gets blocked
• this leads to heart attacks

Question 29

points on Atherosclerosis

Answer 29

• build up a plague in the blood vessels
• can also be caused by fibross tissue

Question 30

points on Deep Vein Thrombosis

Answer 30

• clot (of blood) is formed in the veins (in legs)
• can dislodge and travel to coronary artery or blood vessels in the brain, leading to a stroke

Question 31

what are the treatments for Coronary diseases

Answer 31

A) stents:
- wire mesh with balloon is inserted at the point of blockage
- the balloon is inflated causing the mesh to open the blockage
- the balloon is then removed

B) statins:
- a medication that acts as blood thinners
- the dual effect:
1) makes blood flow faster making it easier to circumvent partial blockages
2) reduces blood clotting (thrombosis)

C) bypass:
- add a blood vessel to give a path around the blockage site
- blood vessel is usually abstained from the leg or foot

Question 32

describe the blood clotting process

Answer 32

1. have an open wound (bleeding)
2. in the blood you have soluble fibrinogen (protein), platelets and the inactive enzyme prohibit
3. when cells are damaged from the wound, clotting factors are released causing inflammation
4. the clotting factors are also released from the platelets which activate prothrombin into thrombin
5. thrombin reacts with fibrinogen converting it into insoluble fibrin
6. fibrin creates a mesh that stops blood cells from escaping the wound