Classification Flashcards
what are the requirements of life
respiration
irritability
nourish
growth/development
excrete
reproduce
what is respiration
- chemical reaction
- extracts energy from nutrients
what is irritability
(movement + sensibility) responds to stimuli
what is nourish
(nutrition) method of obtaining food
what is excretion
producing waist (CO2)
what is reproduction
asexual and sexual
what is growth
to increase in size
what is classification
placing living organisms into groups
why do we classification things
to better study and understand organisms
how do we classify organisms
- by morphology
- by anatomy
- by genetic sequencing
- by protein composition
what is a taxonomist
scientists that work in classification (taxonomy)
what is the order of classification
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what are the five kingdoms
fungi
prokaryotes
protoctista
plants
animals
points on fungi
- cells have cell wall, but not photosynthesis
- are decomposers
eg. yeast, mushrooms
points on prokaryotes
- AKA bacteria, no nucleus
eg. tuberculosis
points on protoctista
- unicellular, have cell wall and a nuclues
eg. amoeba
points on plants
- do photosynthesis
- have cell wall and are multicellular
eg. sunflower
points on animals
- multicellular
eg. humans, mice
what are the phylum’s of plants
A) mosses/ bryophytes: short, no roots, live in moist environments
B) ferns/ filicinophyta: spores under leaves called sporangia, fronds
C) conifers/ gymnosperms: make cones and spiky leaves
D) angiosperms: make flowers
what are the phylum’s for animals
A) chordata: spinal cord
B) arthropoda: have exoskeleton
what are the classes of chordata + describe the table
reptiles
mammals
aves
amphibians
fish
what are the classes for arthropoda + descibe the table
insects
arachnids
crustacea
myriapods
full human classification
kingdom: animals
phylum: chordata
class: mammal
order: primate
family: hominid
genus: homo
species: sapiens
draw a diagram of a fungi
should include:
nucleus
cell wall
membrane
ER
ribosomes
mitochondria
golgi body
glycogen granule
fungi cell wall is make of
chitin
fungi reproduces
by spores
what does heterotrophic mean
obtains nutrients by consuming others
what is the glycogen granule
glycogen is a carbohydrate used for energy storage
what is the root system of a fungi
- mycelium
- individual stands are called hyphae
facts about fungi
- cause diseases
- some are poisonous
- used for food (yeast, beer)
- used in biotechnology
what are the two types of decomposers
detritivores: decomposers that ingest dead organic materials
saprotrophs: decomposers that secrete digestive enzymes into organic matter and absorb the nutrients
difference between dicots and monocots
dicots:
- 2 cotyledons
- stems are organised vascular bundles
- leaves are variegated (branched veins)
- 4/5 petals multiples
monocots:
- 1 cotyledon
- stems are random vascular bundles
- leaves are parallel
- multiples of three
the plant cell wall is make of
glycose
the prokaryote cell wall is made of
peptidoglycan
what are single celled organisms that have a nucleus
protoctista
draw a diagram of a paramecium cell
should include:
nucleus
constructive vacuole
cytoplasm
ribosomes
pili/ fibrae
what does autotrophic mean
optain nutrients from yourself
draw a diagram of a euglena cell
should include:
nucleus
eyespot
chloroplast
flagellum
what does a eukaryote mean
does have a nucleus
what is a single celled organism that doesn’t have a nucleus
prokaryotes/ bacteria
draw a diagram of a bacteria
should include:
capsule or slime layer
cell wall
cell membrane
chromosome/ DNA circular
pili/ fibrae
70S ribosomes
plasmid
cytoplasm
flagella
what does the capsule do
provides protection
what are plasmid
small circular fragments of DNA
what does the ribosome do
organelle that makes proteins
what do pili/ fibrae do
exchange plasmids to other bacteria and/ or allow bacteria to attach itself on surfaces
what does the flagella do
allows movement
describe characteristics of bacteria
- saprotrophs
shapes :
A) coccus (spherical)
B) bacillus (rod-like)
C) spirillus (spiral)
what do viruses have
- protein coat
- DNA/ RNA
- receptors
