Transport Flashcards
What two types of transport are down their electrochemical gradients?
Simple and facilitated Diffusion
True/False: Simple diffusion requires no use of energy.
True
True/False: Facilitated diffusion requires the use of energy.
False
What two types of transport are against their electrochemical gradients?
Primary Active Transport and Secondary Active Transport
True/False: Primary active transport uses energy directly.
True
True/False: Secondary active transport uses energy directly.
False, it uses it indirectly.
Describe simple diffusion.
Occurs by open channels w/o carriers needed
Describe facilitated diffusion.
Occurs by use of membrane carrier
Which type of diffusion will become saturated and level off at high concentrations?
Facilitated diffusion
Describe Primary Active Transport.
One or more solutes is moved against gradient (from low [] to high []) by use of ATP.
Name a few examples of PAT.
Na+ K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and H+ K+ pump
In summary, what is the transport of the Na+ K+ pump?
Pumps 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions in
In summary, what is the transport of the Ca2+ pump?
One cation of Ca2+ is extruded for each ATP hydrolyzed.
In summary, what is the transport of the H+ K+ pump?
Pumps H+ from ICF to lumen of stomach
What medication causes an inhibition of the H+ K+ pump?
Omeprazole
Describe Secondary Active Transport.
Two or more solutes are coupled (one is usually Na+) one goes down its gradient and other goes against its gradient, indirectly utilizing ATP.
Name an example of SAT.
SGLT1 (glucose)
What are the two types of SAT?
Symport and Antiport
Which of the two types of SAT transports both solutes in the same direction? Opposite?
Symport, Antiport
What medication inhibits SAT?
Oubain
Transport across membranes causes flux, what is another term for this?
Net diffusion (J)
What is net diffusion?
Movement of particles from high concentration to low until equilibrium is achieved
What five things effect net diffusion?
Concentration gradient, partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, thickness of membrane, and surface area.
Of these five properties, which ones effect the permeability of a membrane?
Partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and thickness of membrane
What is the concentration gradient?
The difference between the solutions (the greater the difference, the greater the net diffusion
What is the partition coefficient?
Solubility of a solute in oil vs water
What is the diffusion coefficient?
Inversely correlates 2/ the radius and viscosity. (small solutes in nonviscous solutions are greater.)
What is true for the thickness of a membrane?
Thicker = greater distance the solute must diffuse across
Ultimately, what is the formula of net diffusion/flux?
J = permeabilityXSurface area(Concentration Gradient)
What happens to the flux if a solution is doubled?
Tripled: Subtract the difference from the new quantity and see how much more it is than before.
What is the flow of water across a membrane because of a pressure difference?
Osmosis
What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality?
Concentration of active particles per liter but osmolality is per kg of water
What is the formula for osmotic pressure?
Number of particles X concentration x reflection coefficient X Gas constant (0.082L) x Absolute Temp (K)
What is the range of reflection coefficients?
0-1
What is the meaning of a zero reflection coefficient?
It is freely permeable
What is the meaning of a 1.0 reflection coefficient?
Impermeable
A solution with a higher osmotic pressure is what?
Hypertonic
A solution with a lower osmotic pressure is what?
Hypotonic
Placing a cell in a Hypotonic solution will cause what to happen to a cell?
Swelling (and possibly bursting/lysis)
Placing a cell in a Hypertonic solution will cause what to happen to a cell?
Shrink
Give an example of facilitated diffusion.
GLUT4 transporter of D-glucose
What is the class of drugs that inhibits Na+K+ ATPase?
Cardiac glycosides
What are the two examples of cardiac glycosides?
Oubain and digitalis
What are the five factors that Flux/ Flow for nonelectrolytes depends on?
- Concentration Gradient 2. Partition Coefficient 3. Diffusion Coefficient 4. Thickness of the membrane 5. Surface area
What are the extra two factors that flux of electrolytes depends on?
Potential difference and Diffusion potential
What factors calculate permeability?
Partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, thickness of membrane
What is the partition coefficient?
Concentration in oil/water
What is the diffusion coefficient?
partition coefficient x absolute temp/ 6pirXviscosity
What is it called when two solutions have equal osmolarity?
Isosmotic
What is the term given to a solution with a higher osmolarity over another?
Hyperosmotic
What is the term given to a solution with a lower osmolarity over another?
Hyposmotic
What is the term meaning when two solutions have the same osmotic pressure?
Isotonic
What is the term given to a transport that creates an electrical difference?
Electrogenic
What is the state during the Na+K+ ATPase transport in which the binding sites for Na+ and K+ face the ICF and the enzyme has a high affinity for Na+?
E1
What is the state during the Na+K+ ATPase transport in which the binding sites face the ECF and the enzyme has a high affinity for K+?
E2
What are the three types of transport proteins (mechanisms)?
Pores, Channels, Carriers
What are the usual ions that symport with Na+?
Glucose, K, amino acids, Cl-
