Neurotransmitters Flashcards
What is the name of the choline ester neurotransmitter?
Ach
Where is Ach released from?
All preganglionic and most postganglionic neurons in PNS ans all preganglionic neurons in SNS. And from presynaptic neurons of the adrenal medulla
What are the five types of biogenic amines?
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Histamine, and Serotonin
What precursor does dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine share?
Tyrosine
What does tyrosine convert to in the synthesizing of dopamine?
L-dopa
What enzyme catalyzes dopamine synthesis?
dopacarboxyalse
What enzyme is present for dopamine to convert to norepinephrine?
dopamine beta-hydroxylase
What enzyme is present for norepinephrine to convert to epinephrine?
PNMT: Phenylethynolamine- N-methyltransferase
Serotonin is produced from what protein in serotonergic neurons in the brain and GI tract?
Tryptophan
What is histamine synthesized from?
Histidine
What enzyme catalyzes histamine?
histidine carboxylase
Where is histamine present?
Hypothalmic neurons and nonneural tissue (like mast cells)
What are the three amino acid neurotransmitters?
GABA, Glucamate, Glycine
Which amino acid neurotransmitter is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
Glucamate
Which amino acid neurotransmitter is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and SC?
Glycine
Which amino acid neurotransmitter is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in its -ergic neurons in the CNS?
GABA
What is GABA synthesized from?
Glutamic acid
What is the enzyme that catalyzes GABA synthesis?
Glutamic acid decarbozylase
What two things can occur after GABA is released?
Recycled or degraded by GABA transaminase for Citric acid cycle
What is the short acting inhibitory neurotransmitter in the GI tract and CNS?
Nitric Oxide
What is NO synthesized from?
NOsynthase
What is NOsynthase converted to?
arginine to citrulline and NO
Where does NO diffuse to once it is synthesized?
Target cell
What type of neuropeptide acts on a presynaptic cell to alter the amount of neurotransmitter released in stimulus response?
Neuromodulators
What type of neuropeptide is released from secretory cells into the blood to act at a distant site?
Neurohormones
What type of neuropeptide is copackages and cosecreted fro presynaptic vesicles?
neurotransmitter
Neuropeptides proceed like the synthesis of what?
Proteins (DNA -> RNA -> Ribosomes