Transport Flashcards
What is the process of entering and leaving the cell called?
Transport
What are the existing transports in cells?
Cellular transport and Circulation
What wastes are transported out of the cell?
Carbon dioxide, Water, Urea, Lactic Acid, Ethanol
What is passive transport?
Transport that does not require energy and moves molecules down the concentration gradient.
What is simple diffusion?
When molecules travel down the concentration gradient (high to low) without energy.
What types of molecules undergo simple diffusion?
Small and nonpolar molecules
Examples: O2 and CO2
What is facilitated diffusion?
Transport of large and charged molecules with the help of proteins down the concentration gradient without energy.
What types of molecules require facilitated diffusion?
Large and charged molecules
Examples: glucose, ions
What is active transport?
When molecules travel against the concentration gradient (low to high) and requires energy.
What energy source is used in active transport?
ATP
What is osmosis?
The transport of water (H2O), which always travels down its concentration gradient.
What is endocytosis?
Bulk transport into the cell where the membrane folds inwards to form a vesicle.
What is pinocytosis?
A type of endocytosis where vesicles form around extracellular fluid, known as cellular ‘drinking’.
What is phagocytosis?
A type of endocytosis that involves engulfing food particles, known as cellular ‘eating’.
Example: amoeba engulfing paramecium
What is receptor mediated endocytosis?
Endocytosis where receptors in the membrane bind to molecules and are taken into the cell.
What is exocytosis?
Bulk transport out of the cell, often for protein secretion.
What are channel proteins?
Proteins that allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane.
What are carrier proteins?
Proteins that help molecules across membranes.
What are receptor proteins?
Proteins that receive signals and initiate cellular responses.
What are pump proteins?
Proteins that actively move molecules against their concentration gradient.
