Respiration Flashcards
What is cell respiration?
Involves the release of energy from food molecules.
This process is the oxidation of food materials that produces ATP.
What are the two kinds of cell respiration?
Aerobic: use of oxygen to break down nutrients.
Anaerobic: no oxygen.
What is the general formula for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + (36 ATP)
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm/cytosol.
What happens during glycolysis?
Glucose (6 carbon) is broken up into 2 molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon).
It is an anaerobic process (doesn’t require oxygen).
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 ATP (net), 2 pyruvate (pyruvic acid), 2 H2O, 2 NADH (reduced from NAD+).
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria.
What is the preparation step of the Krebs Cycle?
Pyruvate is oxidized to form CO2 and acetyl.
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle per glucose molecule?
6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP.
Where does the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occur?
In the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
What is the role of coenzymes NADH and FADH2 in the ETC?
They carry electrons to the ETC.
What is produced during the Electron Transport Chain?
32 ATP and lots of H2O.
What is the net gain from aerobic respiration?
36 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 CO2, and a bunch of H2O.
What is the purpose of anaerobic respiration?
To regenerate NAD+ when there is not enough oxygen.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Pyruvate is converted into ethanol and CO2.
Occurs in yeast and is used for bread making, beer, wine, liquor making, and champagne.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid.
Occurs during strenuous exercise in human muscle cells and is used for yogurt making and kimchi.
