Chars. of Living Things (Excluding Transport + Respiration) Flashcards
What is metabolism?
All of the chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.
What does metabolism include?
Changes that transfer energy and materials cells and organisms need to grow, reproduce, and stay healthy, including getting rid of toxic substances.
What is anabolism?
Anabolism refers to the ‘building’ processes in metabolism.
What is catabolism?
Catabolism refers to the ‘breaking down’ processes in metabolism.
How do cells get energy?
Cells get energy from an energy source, which is food.
What is autotrophic nutrition?
Autotrophic organisms make their own energy using inorganic substances.
What is heterotrophic nutrition?
Heterotrophic organisms ingest, digest, and egest food.
What is synthesis in living organisms?
Synthesis refers to the process of living things producing new organisms of their own kind.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves one parent cell producing identical daughter cells.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves two parent cells and results in two sets of chromosomes (23 + 23 = 46).
What are somatic cells?
Somatic cells are regular cells that contain 46 chromosomes.
What are gametes?
Gametes are reproductive cells that contain 23 chromosomes.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain an internal stable environment.
What are examples of homeostasis?
Examples include pH, temperature, and water content.
What is assimilation?
Assimilation is the process where materials are taken into the body to repair or replace worn out parts and help form new cells.
What is growth in organisms?
Growth is the increase of an organism’s size, mass, or number of cells, resulting from assimilation.
How do single-celled organisms grow?
Single-celled organisms grow due to an increase in the cell’s volume.
How do multicellular organisms grow?
Multicellular organisms grow mainly through an increase in the number of cells.
What is excretion?
Excretion is the removal of cellular (soluble) metabolic wastes.
What are examples of excretion?
Examples include carbon dioxide, water, sweat, and nitrogenous wastes.
What is egestion?
Egestion is the removal of excess non-soluble waste (solid).
What is the difference between egestion and excretion?
Egestion refers to the removal of solid waste, while excretion refers to the removal of soluble metabolic wastes.
What is regulation in the body?
Regulation includes all activities in the body to maintain homeostasis.
What systems conduct regulation in the body?
The nervous and endocrine systems conduct regulation.
What are protein receptors?
Protein receptors are proteins that grab onto specific signals.
What is the role of hormones in regulation?
Hormones, such as insulin and adrenaline, help maintain regulation in the body.
What does insulin do?
Insulin controls blood sugar levels.
What does adrenaline do?
Adrenaline reacts to stress.
