Scientific Method

Question 1

What is a trial in an experiment?

Answer 1

A single run/repetition of the experiment under the SAME conditions.

Question 2

Why are multiple trials important?

Answer 2

They help ensure results are reliable.

Question 3

What is a control group?

Answer 3

The untouched factor of the experiment used to compare with experimental groups. It lacks receiving treatment.

Question 4

What is a constant in an experiment?

Answer 4

A factor of an experiment that is USED IN THE EXPERIMENT, not changed.

Example: When testing rates of photosynthesis, a constant would be sunlight.

Question 5

What is the independent variable?

Answer 5

The independent variable is plotted on the x-axis and represents the ‘cause’.

Question 6

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 6

The dependent variable is plotted on the y-axis and represents the ‘effect’.

Question 7

How do you express the relationship between dependent and independent variables?

Answer 7

The [insert dependent variable] DEPENDS on [insert the independent variable].

Example: The [height of the geranium plant] depends on [duration of daylight].

Question 8

What is an experimental problem?

Answer 8

This is a written QUESTION.

Question 9

Give an example of an experimental problem.

Answer 9

If all four test tubes were placed in a sunny location, what could an experimental problem be for this experiment? Will the rate of photosynthesis be equal for all the test tubes?

Question 10

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 10

A suggested testable explanation/statement for a phenomenon, always written in a statement, NOT A QUESTION.

Question 11

What is a theory?

Answer 11

Ideas that have been accepted and are backed up by lots of evidence.

Question 12

What are the 4 basic statements of the cell theory?

Answer 12

1. All living organisms are made up of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
4. Cells carry genetic info in the form of DNA.

Question 13

What are the 3 exceptions to the cell theory?

Answer 13

1. Viruses - consist of genetic material but require a host cell to replicate, therefore are considered non-living.
2. Mitochondria & chloroplasts - capable of dividing and reproducing independently, they have their own DNA.
3. The first cell, no specified origin.

Question 14

What are the steps of scientific inquiry?

Answer 14

1. Observe.
2. Define the problem.
3. Form a study question (Experimental problem).
4. Research the problem.
5. State the hypothesis (Statement).
6. Experiment + gather data.
7. Analyze the results.
8. Reflect on findings.
9. Communicate with the wider community.

Question 15

Can the steps of scientific inquiry be interchanged?

Answer 15

Yes, the steps can be interchanged.