transport

Question 1

reasons for chemical disequilibrium of solutes between ICF and ECF

Answer 1

active transport of solutes
membranes acting as barrier

Question 2

concentration/ molarity

Answer 2

moles/litre

Question 3

osmolarity

Answer 3

osmoles/litre

Question 4

how do animal cells prevent cell rupture due to hyper-osmosis?

Answer 4

pumping out inorganic ions

Question 5

what are lipid bilayers permeable to?

Answer 5

water

Question 6

what are lipid bilayers impermeable to?

Answer 6

solutes/ inorganic ions/ organic molecules

Question 7

3 types of transport

Answer 7

passive
(facilitated/simple)
active

Question 8

facilitated transport
2 types

Answer 8

protein-mediated diffusion across membrane
carrier/ channel

Question 9

primary active transport

Answer 9

uphill transport coupled directly to ATP hydrolysis via ATPase pump

Question 10

secondary active transport

Answer 10

uphill transport of target molecule coupled to downhill transport of another (often created by ATPase pump)

Question 11

symport

Answer 11

both molecules in same direction

Question 12

antiport

Answer 12

molecules move in opposite directions

Question 13

Na+/K+ ATPase pump

Answer 13

hydrolyzes ATP while transferring 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in per pump cycle
dephosphorylation before returning to original conformation

Question 14

time for one cycle of sodium potassium pump

Answer 14

10ms

Question 15

what type of carrier is the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

Answer 15

antiport

Question 16

what type of carrier is the Na+ glucose carrier

Answer 16

symport

Question 17

primary active carriers and type

Answer 17

Na+/K+ ATPase antiport
Ca2+ ATPase uniport
H+ ATPase uniport (proton pump)

Question 18

secondary active carriers and type

Answer 18

Na+-glucose symport
Na+ amino acid symport
Na+-Ca2+ antiport