Transplantation Immunology Flashcards
What is histocompatibility
Having the same or similar MHC/HLA alleles
What is tissue typing
Establishing MHC/HLA type
When was the first face transplant performed
2010
What is rejection due to
Adaptive immune response to allogenic differences in MHC molecules
What is an allograft
Transplant between 2 genetically different individuals of the same species
What are alloantigens
Donor antigens present on graft tissue that are not found in the recipients
What are the most significant alloantigens
MHC encoded molecules
What immune response do alloantigens trigger
Adaptive immune response
What cells recognise alloantigens
Autoreactive B and T cells
What is the function of the MHC
Presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells
What do CD4 T cells recognise
MHC class II
Where is HLA class I encoded
3 loci - A, B and C
Where is HLA class II encoded
3 loci in D region
HLA-DP, DQ and DR
What are the 3 main methods of T cell recognition of alloantigens
Direct presentation
Indirect presentation
Semi direct presentation
What are the phases of immune response to alloantigens
Sensitisation phase
Effector phase
What is the effector phase driven by
CD4+ T helper cells
What are the types of organ rejection
Hyperacute rejection
Acute rejection
Chronic rejection
What do calcineurin inhibitors do
Cause inhibition of calcineurin-dependent pathways - most notibly in T cells
What do mTOR inhibitors bind to
Intracellular FKBP12
