Calcium, phosphate and magnesium Flashcards
What are the sources of calcium?
Nuts
Vegetables
Dairy
Fish
What are the 3 forms of plasma calcium?
Ionised calcium
Bound calcium
Complexed calcium
What does an acidic pH do to calcium absorption?
Increases
What does an alkaline pH do to calcium absorption
Reduces absorption
What are the calcium absorption mechanisms
Simple diffusion
Active transport
What are the symptoms of hypocalcamia
Convulsions
Arrhythmia
Tetany
Spasm
What are sources of magnesium
Green veg
Dairy
Potatoes
Beans
Cereals
How much mg is found in the bone
67%
What are the symptoms of hypomagnesaemia
Lethargy
Veritgo
Arrhythmia
Seizures
Nausea
What are causes of magnesium depletion
Renal losses - dialysis
GI tract related - vomitting
What are conditions that require Mg testing
Pre-eclampsia in pregnancy
Arrhythmia
Hypokalemia
Tetany
What are some samples for Mg testing
Serum Mg
RBC Mg
Leukocyte Mg
Muscle Mg
What samples should you avoid in Mg testing
Hemolysed samples
Samples collected in EDTA, citrate & oxalate containers - they form complexes with Mg
What are the physiochemical forms of plasma phosphates
Inorganic and organic
What are some physiological roles of phosphate
High energy reactions
Calcium balance
Gene transcription and cell growth
What does PTH do to phosphate
Lowers phosphate
What does vitamin D do to phosphate
Increases phosphate
What is the physiologically active form of calcium
Ionised calcium
What are the primary calcium binding protein in the serum
Albumin and globulin
What is the primary calcium binding protein in the cell
Calmodulin
