Renal dysfunction, Electrolytes Flashcards
What is there an accumulation of in renal dysfunction
Nitrogenous waste products
What are the classifications of renal dysfunction
Pre-renal
Intra-renal
Post-renal
How is pre-renal dysfunction characterised
Decreased renal perfusion
Loss of blood supply
How is intra-renal dysfunction characterised
Loss of functional renal tissue
How is post-renal dysfunction characterised
Disrupted urine flow
What is acute renal failure
Sudden decline in glomerular and tubular function
Reversible
What is chronic renal failure
Gradual increase in urea and creatinine - progressive loss of renal function
Irreversible
What is water steady state
Amount ingested = amount eliminated
What is the major cation and anion in intracellular fluid
Cation - potassium
Anion - phosphate
What are the major cations and anions in extra cellular fluid
Cation - sodium
Anion - chloride
What is responsible for osmotic balance in ECF
Sodium
What is exchange of water between body fluid compartments facilitated by
Hydrostatic pressure
Osmotic pressure
What is hydrostatic pressure
The back pressure exerted by water against the membrane
What is osmotic pressure
Pressure exerted by the flow of water through a semi-permeable membrane
What does osmolality measure
The number of dissolved particles in the body water
What exerts an osmotic pressure
Dissolved particles
What causes fluid loss
GI - vom/diarrhoea
Renal - urine
Vascular - haemorrhage
Skin - burns/sweat
What causes fluid gain
Heart/ liver/ kidney failure
What do electrolytes do
Play important role in metabolic processes & water balance
