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CPR Exam 2 > Transplant Immunology > Flashcards

Transplant Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are autografts?

A

Grafts of the same individual exchanged from one part to another part of the body

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2
Q

What are isografts?

A

Grafts exchanged between identical twins of identical genetic constitutions

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3
Q

What are allografts?

A

Grafts exchanged between non-identical members of the same species

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4
Q

What are xenografts?

A

Grafts exchanged between members of different species
Susceptible to rapid attack caused by naturally occurring Abs that activate complement
Human HLA genes inserted into the genomes of the donor animals increase the changes of successful transplantation

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5
Q

The outcome of transplantation is determined by what?

A

Condition of the allograft
Donor host antigenic disparity
Strength of host anti donor response
Applied immunosuppression

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6
Q

ABO matching is not important for which types of transplants?

A

Cornea, heart valve, bone and tendon transplants because these tissues have limited access to immune cells

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7
Q

ABO incompatibility doesnt affect which cell type?

A

Stem cell transplantation

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8
Q

Which Ags are present in type A blood?

A

Ag A

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9
Q

Which Abs are present in type A blood?

A

Anti B

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10
Q

Which Ags are present in type B blood?

A

Ag B

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11
Q

Which Abs are present in type B blood?

A

Anti A

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12
Q

Which Ags are present in type AB blood?

A

Ags A/B

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13
Q

Which Abs are present in type AB blood?

A

None

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14
Q

Which Ags are present in type O blood?

A

None

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15
Q

Which Abs are present in type O blood?

A

Anti A/B

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16
Q

What occurs in direct allorecognition?

A

Recipient T cells arrive into the graft and recognize intact allogeneic MHC molecules on donor APCs in the graft

17
Q

What occurs in indirect allorecognition?

A

Donor MHC molecules are taken up, processed and presented by the recipient APCs for activation of recipient T cells

18
Q

What are the effector mechanisms of graft rejection?

A 
Th2 type (IL-4 and 5) humoral rejection mediated by Abs 
Th1 type (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cell mediated rejection by CD8 T cells
19
Q

What is the onset for hyperacute host vs graft rejection?

A

Immediate

20
Q

What is the mechanism and vessel histology of hyperacute rejection?

A

Preformed Abs directed against the donor tissue
Caused by accidental ABO blood type incompatibility which is very rare
Presents while still in surgery with thrombosis and occlusion of graft vessels

21
Q

What type of hypersensitivity occurs in hyperacute rejection?

A

type II

22
Q

What is the onset for acute host vs graft rejection?

A

Weeks to months

23
Q

What is the mechanism and vessel histology for acute rejection?

A

T cell mediated immune response directed against the foreign MHC
Inflammation and leukocyte infiltration of graft vessels results
Most common type

24
Q

What type of hypersensitivity occurs in acute rejection?

A

Type IV

25
Q

What is the onset for chronic host vs graft rejection?

A

Months to years

26
Q

What is the mechanism and vessel histology for chronic rejection?

A

T cell mediated process resulting from the foreign MHC looking like a self MHC carrying an Ag
Results in intimal thickening and fibrosis of graft vessels as well as graft atrophy

27
Q

What type of hypersensitivity occurs in chronic rejection?

A

Type III and IV

28
Q

What is the onset for graft vs host disease?

A

Varies

29
Q

What is the mechanism and vessel histology for graft vs host disease?

A

Donor T cells in the graft proliferate and attack the recipients tissue
Most commonly seen in bone marrow transplants
Presents with diarrhea, rash and jaundice

30
Q

What type of hypersensitivity occurs with graft vs host disease?

A

Type IV

CPR Exam 2 (18 decks)

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