Transplant Immunology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is transplantation?

A

The transfer of cells, tissue or an organ between different parts of the body or between different individuals

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2
Q

What are the 4 different types of ways in which transplants can be classified?

A
  1. Autograft
  2. Isograft/syngenic graft
  3. Allograft
  4. Xenograft
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3
Q

A graft-versus-host reaction is most commonly seen following transplantation of?

A

Bone marrow

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4
Q

Which tissue transplant does not require cross matching and why?

A

Cornea-not vascularized, immune cells cannot mediate a rejection process

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5
Q

If a patient received a transplant but is unfortunately rejecting the tissue. Which phase of rejection are they in if there is a large number of naive T cells being activated?

A

Acute

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6
Q

Why do people with type O blood make anti A and anti B antibodies?

A

Molecular mimicry with common microbes

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7
Q

Which cytokine will be most closely involved in activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes to mediate graft rejection?

A

IL-2

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8
Q

Direct alloantigen recognition requires?

A

Allogenic antigen presenting cells that express alkogeneic MHC

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9
Q

After direct or indirect alloantigen recognition?

A

T cells become activated followed by production of CD4 and CD8 effector T cells targeting the alloantigen

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10
Q

An immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection is being researched, it would be useful in preventing graft rejection if it downregulated…?

A

Complement activation
IL-1
IFNgamma
Treg cells

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11
Q

The most polymorphic human MHC gene is?

A

HLA-B

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12
Q

How does the number of HLA mismatches correlate with long term survival?

A

The higher the number of mismatches, the lower the chance of long term survival

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13
Q

An example of an immunosuppressive drug that directly inhibits mTOR signaling is?

A

Rapamycin

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