transplant

Question 1

graft vs host problem

Answer 1

problem, t cells from donor to recipient. need to get past to open up option and not have to try regrowing our own organs

Question 2

to change blood types:

Answer 2

add on chemical groups to carbohydrate to o

Question 3

hyperacute rejection of a kidney or new organ is :

Answer 3

type 2 hyper sensitivity reaction, if mom is Rh- and child is Rh+

Question 4

transplant rejection is a:

Answer 4

type 4 hypersensitivity reaction dealing with direct or indirect

Question 5

most all drugs in transplant target:

Answer 5

direct and indirect allorecognition, related to t cells

Question 6

when recipient t cells recognize the donor cells, that is:

Answer 6

direct allorecognition (tcells recognize the foreign hla peptide directly)

Question 7

when recipient apcs take up parts of the graft and present it to t cells, it’s called:

Answer 7

indirect allorecognition

Question 8

syngeneic graft:

Answer 8

identical twin

Question 9

allogeneic graft:

Answer 9

members of same species (mice, white graft on black mouse will be rejected)

Question 10

xenogeic graft

Answer 10

between different species (pigs and humans)

Question 11

transplant rejection is an _____, characterized by ______ and specificity so:

Answer 11

immunologic reaction, immunologic memory, the rejection is faster each time

Question 12

during t cell training, your t cells are made to recognize, ____ but ____ will stimulate them

Answer 12

your own HLA molecules, someone else’s HLA molecules will stimulate yours QUICKLY

Question 13

graft rejection is due to ______

Answer 13

recipient immune response against MHC major and minor antigen

Question 14

foreign HLA and minor HLAare called:

Answer 14

alloantigens (this is with the peptide)

Question 15

mechanisms of rejection:

Answer 15

acute very quickly, chronic is late (direct recognition)

Question 16

how do you determine if a transplant is a match?

Answer 16

mixed lymphocyte reaction MLR (irradiate, keep from dividing, donor cells can’t divide),

Question 17

a sign that there will be rejection?

Answer 17

T cell proliferation

Question 18

Ricipient t cells recognize:

Answer 18

donor HLA in an acute rejection through direct allorecognition (will be on test) it’s the bun!

Question 19

foreign HLA:

Answer 19

strongly stimulate recipient t cells

Question 20

indirect allorecognition

Answer 20

donor dendritic cell is dying, it’s taken up by the host apc (dendritic cell) it’s the hotdog-peptide

Question 21

hyperacute rejectino

Answer 21

due to circulating abo or hla antigens, occurs within 48 hours after transplant and results in complement activation

Question 22

acute rejection

Answer 22

response to foreign HLA histocompatability antigens, occurs 7-10 days after or 6-12 months mediated by cytotoxic t cells, macrophages and antibodies

Question 23

chronic rejection

Answer 23

response to minor hisocompatability antigens, may occur several years following transplant and involves Th 1 cells

Question 24

how do you stop rejctions? ON TEST

Answer 24

cyclosporin A, corticosteroids, anti-cd3 monoclonal antibodies

Question 25

cyclosporin A: on test

Answer 25

prevents induction of cytokine synthesis in t cells by inhibiting the activation of the transcription factor NF-AT

Question 26

Corticosteroids: on test

Answer 26

inhibit synthesis of HLA antigens, cytokines, and adhesion molecules
nulcear option

Question 27

anti-cd3 monoclonal antibodies:

Answer 27

deplete circulating t cells

fallen out of favor, causes resurregence of hvs, vzv, etc

Question 28

azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil

Answer 28

antimotabolites, inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by interfering with synthesis of nucleotide precursors for dna synthesis

Question 29

there are ___ diseases that can be treated with bone marrow transplant

Answer 29

12 diseases or many, genetic, hematopoetic defect, donors bone marrow will rebuild defect (only problem is graft vs host disease)

Question 30

bone marrow transplantation can treat:

Answer 30

malignant diseases

Question 31

graft vs host disease side effects:

Answer 31

graded scale that increases amount of diarrhea as you go up gi side effect (grade 1-4 4 worst)

Question 32

treated GVHD with

Answer 32

double nuc corticosteroids and antithymocyte to suppress immune system