cancer Flashcards
malignant and benign tumors:
come from the same tissue
high level point about the progression?
multiple changes must occur to cause cancer
progression goes from ____ and _____
eptihelial, mutated APC tumor suppressor, mutated, etc, may cause tumor, but still does not cause cancer… 2 hit hypothesis
cancer doesn’t usually occur until:
p53 mutation, 50% metastases ends up killing you
cancerous cells can:
live forever, stimulate their own growth, ignore cells signal, hela cells
for cancer cells to live and leave
they need to recruit a blood source, angiogenesis
cancer cells:
evade or shut down the immune system
both _____ can cause cancer
dna and rna viruses
tumor immunity?
can be antigen specific. we have it, but the tumor eventually evades us
tumor cells have mostly:
self antigens
___ is an inhibitory receptor and will ______
PDL1, if tumor expresses these ligands it shuts down immune response, all going on at once
what antigens do you want to fight tumors?
tumor specific antigens, they’re mutated so you don’t worry about the tissue, there are cancer testis antigens, etc
what antigens are identified in the fight against cancer?
there are a wide variety of antigens, but you don’t want to vaccinate against self antigens
prophylactic tumor vaccination:
works at preventing cancer very effective
biologic?
provenge, not great, till have inhibitory ligands that the tumor uses to shut down the immune response
