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plant physio midterms > transpiration > Flashcards

transpiration Flashcards

1
Q

is the evaporation of water from the aerial parts of plants

A

transpiration

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2
Q

of all the water plant absorbs, over ______ is transpired to the air as water vapor

A

95-99%

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3
Q

from where water is transpired?

A

1) lenticel (lenticular transpiration) - 0.1%
2) cutin (cuticular transpiration) - 3-10%
3) stomata (stomatal transpiration) - ~90%

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4
Q

prevents water loss

A

cuticle

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5
Q

site of photosynthesis

A

mesophyll

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6
Q

openings allow gases and wate to move in and out of leaf

A

stomata

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7
Q

open and close the stomata

A

guard cells

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8
Q

what goes out of stomata?

A

o2 and h2o

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9
Q

what goes in to stomata?

A

co2, h2o (sometimes ?)

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10
Q

what process involves using CO2 and H2O releasing O2 as a waste product?

A

photosynthesis

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11
Q

what is the plant using this process (photosynthesis) to make?

A

glucose (carbs)

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12
Q

if the plant needs water for photosynthesis, why is water coming out of the stoma?

A

the stomata naturally allow water to evaporate out

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13
Q

why would the plant close stomata with guard cells?

A

to prevent excess water loss through transpiration or to conserve water

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14
Q

what is the point of having stomata?

A

allows gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration to occur

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15
Q

what is the function of cellulose microfibril?

A

increase cell strength

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16
Q

function of accessory/subsidiary cells?

A

surround and support the guard cells, act as a buffer b/w epidermal and guard cells

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17
Q

how do the guard cells react to the availability of water when dry and lots of water?

A

when dry - close
lost of h2o - open

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18
Q

when stomata is open, what happens?

A

gas exchange and transpiration

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19
Q

kidney-shaped guard cells are for?

A

dicots

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20
Q

dumbbell-shaped guard cells are for?

A

monocots

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21
Q

dorsal or outer side of the guard cell has a ___ cell wall

A

thin cell wall

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22
Q

ventral or inner side of the guard cell has a ___ cell wall

A

thick cell wall

23
Q

they contain ____ and can perform ____ reactions (not ____ for the lack of key _____)

A

guard cells; chloroplastl light; calvin cycle; enzymes

24
Q

are structurally isolated from _____ cells for the lack of ______ (water and ions transmit only through _____ pathway, thus helping to build up ______)

A

guard cells; epidermal cells; plasmodesmata; cellular; water gradient

25
Q

little _____, little amount of water absorption or loss controls ______

A

volume; stomatal aperture

26
Q

low aperture of guard cells =

A

small opening

27
Q

mechanism of stomata opening?

A

K+ absorption theory

28
Q

when stomata is opening (K+ AT) what happens?

A

K+ rises to 0.5 M, anions rise to 0.2-0.5 M, osmotic potential drops 2 MPa

29
Q

what are the factors influencing the stomatal aperturte?

A

light, temperature, plant hormones, co2, water content

29
Q

stomata of most plants open in the ____ and close at _____, while ___ plants are just the opposite

A

day; night; CAM

30
Q

stomata opening is sensitive to ____ and ____ light, and _____ light is more effective, it stimulates opening by a ____ receptor: _______

A

red and blue lights; blue light; blue-light; zeaxanthin

31
Q

stomatal apertures ____ with Temperature, within ________ (the _________

A

increase, 20-30°C (optimal)

32
Q

______ CO2 concentration promotes stomatal opening

A

low

33
Q

___ CO2 concentration inhibits stomatal opening through its _____ of the guard cell thus inhibits plasma membrane ________

A

high; acidication; hyperpolarization

34
Q

stomata _____ when the leaf contains enough water. When there is a water shortage, they _____

A

opens; close

35
Q

promotes opening of stomata

A

cytokinins

36
Q

inhibits opening of stomata or it closes the stomata

A

abscisic acid

37
Q

what are the factors that influence transpiration rate?

A

light, temperature, humidity, wind, soil water

38
Q

transpiration from the leaf depends on two major factors:

A

1) difference in water vapor gradient
2) diffusional resistance

39
Q

this is the driving force of transpiration

A

vapor pressure gradient

40
Q

this is the difference in vapor pressure between the internal spaces in the leaf and the atmosphere around the leaf

A

vapor pressure gradient

41
Q

diffusional resistance is comprised of what?

A

stomatal resistance and boundary layer resistance

42
Q

this resists transpiration

A

air boundary layer

43
Q

formula of transpiration rate

A

transpiration rate = driving force / resistance

44
Q

plants transpire more rapidly in the ____ than in the ____. This is largely because light stimulates the ______ of the stomata

A

light; dark; opening

45
Q

light also speeds up transpiration by _____ the leaf

A

warming

46
Q

plants transpire more rapidly at _____ temperatures because water evaporates more rapidly as the temperature rises

A

higher

47
Q

when the surrounding air is ____ or ___ humid, diffusion of water out of the leaf goes on more rapidly

A

dry, low humid

48
Q

when a _______ is present, the humid air is carried away and replaced by ____ air

A

breeze; drier

49
Q

a plant cannot continue to transpire rapidly if its _____ is not made up by replacement from the soil

A

water loss

50
Q

when absorption of water by the roots fails to keep up with the rate of transpiration, loss of _____ occurs, and the stomata _____. This immediately ______ the rate of transpiration

A

turgor; close; reduces

51
Q

if the loss of turgor extends to the rest of the leaf and stem, the plant _____

A

wilts

52
Q
A

plant physio midterms (4 decks)

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