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plant physio midterms > plant-water relations > Flashcards

plant-water relations Flashcards

1
Q

Biochemistry requires a highly hydrated environment

A

> -3 MPa

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2
Q

The atmospheric environment provides CO2 and light but is dry

A

-100 MPa

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3
Q

indispensable to plant life

A

water

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4
Q

water accounts for ____ of the weight of the ____ tissues

A

90-95%, soft tissues

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5
Q

serves several unique functions in plants

A

water

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6
Q

water’s _____ makes it an excellent solvent

A

polarity

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7
Q

water’s ability to form _____ bond gives it _____ properties that are important in plant processes

A

hydrogen; thermal, cohesive, and adhesive

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8
Q

water has _________ under normal temperature and pressure, which minimizes water temperature variations in plant cells, tissues, and organs

A

high heat storage capacity

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9
Q

water transmits ____ and absorbs ____ radiation more than short wave radiation

A

visible light; long wave

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10
Q

is found in almost all parts of the cell and in all parts of the plant

A

water

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11
Q

is the water found in cell structures

A

bound water

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12
Q

utilized in the course of growth processes, especially during ____ where _____ is prerequisite

A

growth water; elongation; turgor

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13
Q

utilized for photosynthesis and other reactions in the cell

A

metabolic water

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14
Q

released by plants in the form of water vapor and cools the leaves

A

transpiration water

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15
Q

along with ____, is transported from cell to cell for ____ distance and through _____ for long distances

A

transport water; solutes; short; vascular bundles

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16
Q

released by ______, ______, and other organs into the atmosphere or released as part of __________

A

secretion/excretion water; glandular trichomes, nectaries; exudates

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17
Q

amount of water required by plants DECREASES as follows

A

transpiration water - secretion water - growth water = transport water - metabolic water

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18
Q

amount of water required by plants INCREASES as follows

A

metabolic - transport = growth - secretion - transpiration

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19
Q

absorption and transport of water in various plant parts

A

water conduction/water transport

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20
Q

water conduction can be:

A

fascicular (long distance) and extrafascicular (short distance)

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21
Q

_____ water conduction only occurs at _____ axis via ______

A

fascicular (long distance); vertical; longitudinal; vascular bundles

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22
Q

has a fast diffusion rate over short distances but an extremely low rate, by bulk flow, over long distances

A

fascicular (long distance)

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23
Q

fascicular has a ___ diffusion rate over ____ distances but an extremely ____ rate, by _____, over _____ distances

A

fast; short; low; bulk flow; long

24
Q

water conduction within the cell itself (_____ transport) or from cells to neighboring cells or tissues (____ transport).

A

extrafascicular (short distance); cellular; radial

25
Q

in radial transport, movement by ____ or _____ may occur along the _____ or through the ______

A

diffusion or osmosis; symplast or apoplast

26
Q

_________ by osmosis from cell to cell (radial transport) takes place in ___ directions, driven by __________

A

water conduction; all; water potential gradient

27
Q

________ form a barrier to the apoplastic flux, forcing ions to pass through the selectively permeable plasma membrane into the cytoplasm, rather than move along the cell wall.

A

casparian strips

28
Q

casparian strips are found where?

A

endodermis

29
Q

Describes how tightly water is bound in the soil.

A

water potential

30
Q

Describes the availability of water for biological processes

A

water potential

31
Q

Defines the flow of water in all systems (including SPAC).

A

water potential

32
Q

water potential gradient hierarchy (highest to lowest):

A

soil > root > stems/trunks > leaves > outside air

33
Q

enumerate the water flow (high WP to low WP) in soil plant atmosphere continuum (SPAC)

A
  1. root conductance to liquid water flow
  2. stomatal conductance to water vapor flow
  3. boundary layer conductance to water vapor flow
34
Q

the hydration capacity of the cell is determined, not by the absolute amount of water in the cell but by the chemical potential of water

A

water potential

35
Q

expresses the chemical activity of any substance in terms of free energy per mole of the substance.

A

chemical potential

36
Q

the free energy needed for the transport of water molecule in a system

A

water potential

37
Q

relative measurement in the sense that it is relative to the Ψ of pure water at ________ and _______

A

atmospheric pressure and temperature

38
Q

10 MPa is

A

1 bar = 1 atm

39
Q

useful parameter in evaluating the water status of plants

A

water potential

40
Q

water potential (Ψ) is ___ in chemically ____ water

A

zero; pure

41
Q

the maximum value of water potential

A

0

42
Q

water potential decreases in ______ where water is physically or chemically bound

A

aqueous solution

43
Q

the cell has ____ water potential since ____ molecules in all living cells lower free energy of water

A

negative; solute

44
Q

negative (-) sign indicates that dissolved solutes of the water potential (Ψ) of a solution _____ the concentration of water

A

reduce

45
Q

what are the forces that affect the entry of water in plant cell?

A

1) osmotic pressure
2) osmotic potential or solute potential
3) turgor pressure or pressure potential

46
Q

________ is the pressure exerted by the ____ obstructing the passage of _____ molecules, as water enters the cell freely

A

osmotic pressure (π); membrane; solute

47
Q

_________ same quantity as π but negative value

A

osmotic or solute potential (Ψπ or Ψs)

48
Q

_____ is the pressure exerted by the ____ equally but opposite to the pressured exerted by the cell wall

A

turgor pressure (P) or pressure potential (Ψp); protoplast

49
Q

_____ arises due to the ____ cell wall of the plant cell which restricts swelling upon entry of water

A

negative turgor pressure; rigid

50
Q

changes in water potential can be brought about by channges in what potentials?

A

pressure potential or solute potential

51
Q

plant cell water potential is dependent on what?

A

pressure potential

52
Q

give the formula for plant cell water potential

A

(Ψcell) = P – π
(Ψcell) = Ψp + Ψs

(Ψs is negative value for π)

53
Q

(Ψcell) = P – π

the Ψ values are negative, π _____ the Ψ of the cell (makes ____ negative), while P _____ (makes _____ negative) it

A

decreases, more; increases, less

54
Q

________, cell volume is minimum, and protoplast barely touches the cell wall (Ψ = –π; P = 0).

A

incipient plasmolysis

55
Q

cells are ____, when Ψ is very low and P is negative the protoplast _____ from the wall

A

plasmolyzed; shrinks away

56
Q

occurs when air or gas is admitted into the vascular system of the plants

A

air embolism

57
Q

carbon dioxide enters the stomata, but when opening it loses water

A

trade-off

plant physio midterms (4 decks)

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