Transnational Communities: migration and diasporas

Question 1

are diasporas a type of transnational actors

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Where did the diaspora concept come from and spread?

Answer 2

• Jewish diaspora: dispersion of jews due to history

- Black Atlantic (1500 - 1900): dispersion of Africans due to slavery

Question 3

What is a diaspora?

Answer 3

1. dispersion of any people from their original homeland

2. social group formed as a result of dispersion that maintain ties across borders

Question 4

What are the diaspora actors

Answer 4

-diasporic triangle
-home state —— host state
\ ————————– /
\ —————— /
diasporic group

Question 5

What are the 3 points of diasporas as challengers to the nation state

Answer 5

1. shoveling out the paupers (Ireland)
2. Populating the nation-state (Zionist project)
3. Emigrating as danger (Balkans)

Question 6

What are the 3 points of diasporas as resources for the nation state

Answer 6

1. Guest worker programs (Turkey & Mexico)
2. War and peace (Yugoslavia war)
3. Diasporas and global nation-states

Question 7

What is the “shovelling out the paupers” (Ireland)

Answer 7

• liberal political economy and Malthusianism
• Malthusianism: view that without moral constraint -> population will outgrow resources -> poverty
• policies of desired emigration (for big working class)
• territorial understanding of state policies

Question 8

What is the Zionist project “populating the nation-state”

Answer 8

• nationalist and socialist ideologies
• policies of inward migration
• nation-state = model
• those that can’t integrate -> want own state -> nationalism
• Israel for jews
• operation Solomon (flights for ethiopian jews to israel)
• idea: diasporas shouldnt exist

Question 9

What is the “emigration as danger” concept (Balkans)

Answer 9

• context: authoritarian states
• exporting the right to kill
• closed borders, travelling police
• idea: leaving your state = traitor

Question 10

What was the concept of “guest worker programs” (Turkey and Mexico)

Answer 10

• liberal welfare state
• producing transportable labour force
• producing the domestic abroad
• too many people -> WWII Europe with too little people for labour

Question 11

What was the view of “war and peace” of diasporas (Yugoslavia war)

Answer 11

• diasporas as:
  
  • > lobbies (strong influence in foreign policy)
  • > war makers (to send money, weapons, soldiers)
  • > peace makers (strong influence)

Question 12

What was the view of “diasporas and global nation-states”

Answer 12

• structural factors of change
• fusion of economic, cultural and political policies
• re-bordering the state and nation
• public reconnaissance

Question 13

Summary of timeline of view on diasporas

Answer 13

• at peak of territorialisation: diasporas = problem to solve
• after WWII: diasporas = temporary economic solution to developmental problems
• after cold war: diasporas = some incorporated in a globalized conception of nation-state