Transmission & Spread of Disease (PPT 3-5) [U2/ T2] Flashcards
Identify 3 drivers of disease
- Travel
- Social networks
- Cluster
Explain how travel is a driver of disease
Heavily correlated with transport systems and the ability for people to move large distances within countries in a relatively short period of time.
Explain how social network is a driver of disease
Spread can be influenced by density and accessibility to the source of the disease, infrastructure contamination and the transmission mode of the pathogen.
Explain how clusters is a driver of disease
Created around infrastructure systems like water sources or travel routes like air or sea routes.
Identify the factors that affect immunity against pathogens
- Pathogen persistances within-host
- Mode of transmission
- Mobility of carriers
- Immunity
How can the spread of disease be controlled?
- Personal hygine
- Social distancing
- Contract tracing
- Quarantine
- School & workplace closures
- Mass gatherings
- Temperature screening
- Travel restrictions
Explain how personal hygine can affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Reducing the transmission of pathogens
- Transfer of pathogen by hand is most common
- Up to 80% of infectious diseases are transmitted by hand.
Examples=
- Gloves
- Mask
- Hand washing
- Covering coughs & sneezes
Explain how social distancing can affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Helps slow the spread of disease
- Success rate relates to timing
Examples=
COVID19, 1.5m distancing rule to reduce spread.
Explain how contract tracing can affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Involves tracking down recent contacts of an infected individual.
Examples=
- School contacts
- Anyone in close proximity to the infected.
Explain how quarantine can affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Method to isolate organisms to prevent spread
- State of enforced isolation
- Seperates infected from others
Examples=
- Lock down/ isolation after a mass gathering
Explain how school & workplace cloures affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Closing is often ill-timed
- Generally only used in major outbreaks
- Often an economic cost to the school
Explain how mass gatherings can affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Provide perfect conditions for the spread
- Personal hygiene at these events can limit risk.
Examples=
- Sporting event
- Rally/ protest
Explain how temperature screening can affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Most common technique used
- Not always reliable
- High labour & cost, low % of success.
Examples=
- Temperature checks upon arrival to events
Explain how travel restrictions can affect the spread of disease.
Give 2 examples.
- Includes both regional and global
- Can be very successful
- Has social and economic implications
- Designed to contain spread of disease
Examples=
- Travel ban
- Closure of state and national borders.
