Infectious Diseases (PPT 1-2) [U2/ T2]

Question 1

Identify what makes a disease infectious

Answer 1

• Caused due to attack of pathogens
• Caused due to extrinsic factors
• Transmitted from one person to another
• Transmission occurs through direct contact or medium (Air, water, etc)
• Community hygiene can reduce it

Question 2

Identify what makes a disease non-infectious

Answer 2

• Caused by factors other than pathogens
• Caused due to intrinsic factors
• Transmission of hereditary disease from parent to offspring
• Does not get transmitted
• Community hygiene is ineffective

Question 3

Identify the 6 basic groups of pathogens

Answer 3

• Bacteria
• Protozoans
• Fungi
• Viruses
• Prions
• Parasites

Question 4

Identiy the virulence factors that aid in pathogenesis

Answer 4

• Adherence
• Invasion
• Capsules
• Toxins
• Life cycle changes

Question 5

Describe how adherence (virulence factor) aids in pathogenesis?

Answer 5

The ability to adhere to the host cell and resist physical movement.

Question 6

Describe how invasion (virulence factor) aids in pathogenesis?

Answer 6

The ability of the microbe to enter host tissue, multiply there and then spread to other healthy cells and tissues.

Question 7

Describe how capsules (virulence factor) aid in pathogenesis?

Answer 7

Are found external to the outer layer of the cell wall in bacteria and have a protective role agasint chemicals and desiccation.

Question 8

Describe how toxins (virulence factor) aid in pathogenesis?

Answer 8

Products of the pathogen that destroy, damage, or inactivate one or more defense mechanisms of the host.

Question 9

Describe how life cycle changes (virulence factor) aid in pathogenesis?

Answer 9

The ability to change ones life cycle as a means of successful invasion.

Question 10

What are 3 modes of transmission?

Answer 10

• Contact
• Vehicle
• Vector

Question 11

Describe the mode of transmission Contact

Answer 11

Droplet Transmission=
- Mucus droplets carrying disease are discharged into the air. 

Direct Contact=
- Direct transmission by physical contact between its source and the host.

Indirect Contact=
- Touching contaminated objects.

Question 12

Describe the mode of transmission Vehicle

Answer 12

Disease may transmitted through a medium such as blood, water, food or air.

Question 13

Describe the mode of transmission Vector

Answer 13

Bites from a variety of animals can introduce pathogens

Question 14

Give 2 examples of contact transmission

Answer 14

• Coughing
• Laughing
• Bedding
• Money
• Touching
• Sexual intercourse

Question 15

Give 2 examples of vechicle transmission

Answer 15

• Typhoid fever
• Cholern
• Hydatides
• Salmonellosis
• Hiv
• Hepatitis

Question 16

Give 2 examples of vector transmission

Answer 16

• Bites

- Droppings

Question 17

Identify from the case study of tuberculosis, what the mode of transmission is.

Answer 17

Contact=

- Droplet transmisson

Question 18

Identify from the case study of measles, what the mode of transmission is.

Answer 18

Contact=

- Droplet transmission

Question 19

Identify from the case study of ebola, what the mode of transmission is.

Answer 19

Vechile=

- Blood-bourne disease

Question 20

Identify from the case study of legionnaires, what the mode of transmission is.

Answer 20

Vechile=

• Airborn
• Water born disease

Question 21

Identify from the case study of strongyloidiasis, what the mode of transmission is.

Answer 21

Vector=

- Migrate to the small intestine

Question 22

Identify from the case study of avian influenza, what the mode of transmission is.

Answer 22

Contact=
- Direct contact

Vector=
- Birds

Question 23

Identify from the case study of panama disease, what the mode of transmission is.

Answer 23

Vector=

- Fungi