translation and protein synthesis Flashcards
what are proteins made of
amino acids
what is the connection between codons and amino acids
Each codon instructs the cell to start the creation of a protein chain, to add a specific amino acid to the growing protein chain, or to stop creation of the protein chain.
where does translation occur
on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm
purpose of tRNA
key roll in protein synthesis
how does translation begin
The ribosome binds to mRNA at a specific area. The ribosome starts matching tRNA anticodon sequences to the mRNA codon sequence.
how does translation result in a chain of amino acids
Translation is the process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds.
how does translation end
Translation ends in a process called termination. Termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA (UAA, UAG, or UGA) enters the A site.
how does folding affect protein structure and function
folding correctly is key to their function, if wrong causes inactive or toxic proteins that malfunction and cause a number of diseases
