Translation

Question 0

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 0

*Recognizes and Binds to both mRND and Amino Acids in order to Translate Info
-3Loops (D loop, T loop, Anticodone)
>Anticodon: only first 2 bonds matter, wobble position Doesn’t need to be perfect
-Single stranded, about 80 nucleotides in length

Question 1

Codons

Answer 1

• Each group of 3 consecutive nucleotides in RNA

- Specifies either one amino acid or a stop to the translation process

Question 2

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Enzyme

Answer 2

*Activates the Amino Acids for protein synthesis
2 Steps
>ATP hydrolysis of amino acid creates Adenylated amino acids
>AMP link joins to tRNA and finalizes aminoacyl-tRNA molecule

Question 3

Translating an mRNA molecule

Answer 3

1. An aminoacyl-tRNA molecule binds to a vacant A-Site on the ribosome, and a spent tRNA molecule leaves the E-Site
2. A new peptide bond is formed
3. The large ribosome subunit translocates relative to the small subunit
4. The small ribosome subunit translocates carrying the mRNA 3 nucleotides through the ribosome
   * repeat over and over during protein synthesis

Question 4

3 tRNA binding sites

Answer 4

E-site: Exit
P-site: Peptoyl
A-site: Aminoacyl