Cell Structures Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleus
A
- Defines the “Eukaryotes” group (true nucleus)
- Location of chromosomes
- Site of DNA replication and RNA transcription
- Site of ribosome assembly (nucleolus)
- Double Membrane
2
Q
TEM
- Heterochromatin
- Euchromatin
A
“transmission electron microscope”
- Heterochromatin: dark area, super condensed, not being used
- Euchromatin: light area, being used by cells to make proteins
3
Q
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- Site of protein synthesis (RER)
- Site of most lipid metabolism (SER)
- May contain detoxifying enzymes (as in liver)
4
Q
Cellular Membranes
A
- Defines structure of the cell
- Made of Phospholipid bilayer
- Contains specific transport proteins
- Contains receptor molecules for cell communication
5
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- Made of stacks of membranous Lamellae
- Functions in protein modification and sorting
6
Q
Lysosomes & Peroxisomes
A
Lysosomes
-Contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down macromolecules
Peroxisomes
-Use peroxidase to break down hydrogen peroxide
-Contain distinctive crystalline inclusions in TEM
7
Q
Mitochondria
A
- Site of most energy (ATP) production in cells
- Double membrane *inner membrane creates folds called Cristae
- Has its own DNA *comes from mothers egg
- Contains DNA, RNA, Ribosomes - synthesizes some of own proteins
8
Q
Chloroplasts
A
- Found in green plants and algae
- Contain Photopigments, including Chlorophyll
- Double membrane *inner called Thylakoids
- Site of Photosynthesis
9
Q
Vacuoles
A
- Found in fungal and plant cells
- Contains mostly water
- Responsible for water regulation and May function as a lysosome
- Can be very large, also called *Tonoplast
10
Q
Cytoskeleton
A
-Provides internal structural support for cells
- 3 Types of Proteinaceous Fibers
>Microtubules (Tubulin) 25-nm
>Microfilaments (Actin) 8-nm
>Intermediate Filaments (Variable) 10-nm
-Gives cell shape and mobility
