Cells & DNA

Question 0

Catalysts

Answer 0

• Molecular matchmaker
• Reduces amount of energy required
• Don’t have to be proteins
• Makes things happen Faster*

Question 1

DNA Nucleotides

Answer 1

-Each nucleotide consisted of:
>Sugar=deoxyribose **Covalent Bonds
>Base=Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine **Hydrogen Bonds
-A/T bonds are weaker (2) than C/G bonds (3)

Question 2

Inheritance

Answer 2

-Semi conservative replication
>Each New cell is half old and half New
-Instructions for Catalysts
>leads to same catalysts and same stuff in cytoplasm

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

• Region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic
• Usually RNA or Proteins
• Humans have about 30,000 genes
• Simplest cell has fewer than 500 genes *Mycoplasma Genitalium

Question 4

How Genes Change

Answer 4

• The more Important the gene = The Slower the Change
  1. Intragenic Mutation: existing genes mutate
  2. Gene Duplication: allowing one gene to change w/o consequence
  3. Segment Shuffling: genes can break apart and recombine
  4. Horizontal Transfer: from one cell to another (not its progeny)