Transcription

Question 0

3 Common Types of RNA

Answer 0

-mRNA
>most common by # of genes
>directs protein synthesis 
-tRNA
>carries amino acids
-rRNA
>most common by weight
>part of ribosomes

Question 1

Transcription Vs Replication

Answer 1

Similar
>both unwind dsDNA
>both add nucleotides
Difference
>Able to make multiple transcripts at a time
>RNA complimentary strand will not stick for very long
>No primers are needed (therefore more mistakes made)

Question 2

Prokaryotic Transcription

Answer 2

> Sigma Factor recognizes Promoter region
RNApol. sticks to factor/promoter and Opens the double helix
Sigma Factor released, RNApol speeds up RNAbp until released at Terminator
*No Energy Used
*Performes Multiple Transcripts at once

Question 3

Eukaryotic Transcription

Answer 3

Same Except
-Eukaryotes have 3 RNApol (I,II,III)
>I: S, rRNA
>II: All mRNA* snoRNA, snRNA
>III: S, rRNA, All tRNA*
-RNApol requires other proteins to help (general transcription factors)
*Energy Required
*One transcription for every Gene

Question 4

Promoters & Terminators

Answer 4

-Promoter
>tells where and when to turn on
>Similar in Consensus Sequence - regions that are shared 
-Terminators
>pops he RNApol off the strand

Question 5

Activators, Mediators, & Chromatin-Modifiers

Answer 5

RNApol II also needs these!
-Activators
>Bind to Enhancers in DNA and Increase chances of being Trancribed
-Mediators
>Allows activators to interact with RNApol II and GTF
-Chromatin-Modifiers
>Allow complex to access DNA

Question 6

DNA Introns and Exons

Answer 6

• Introns eventually get cut out

- Exons eventually become a template for proteins

Question 7

RNA Processing

Answer 7

• Capping Factors: Caps 5’ end Quickly
• Splicing Factor: Cuts out Introns / connects Exons
• Polyadenylation Factor: Adds Adenyne to 3’ end
• *All must occur in order for Translation to start