Translation Flashcards
What is the process of converting the information in mRNA into a polypeptide chain called?
Translation
Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
In the cytoplasm
What is the start codon for translation in most mRNA molecules?
AUG
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
What type of RNA molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?
mRNA
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds during translation?
Peptidyl transferase
What is the name of the complex structure where translation occurs?
Ribosome
What is the role of the small subunit of the ribosome during translation?
It binds to mRNA
What is the role of the large subunit of the ribosome during translation?
It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds
True or False: Translation occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
False
What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation?
It helps position the ribosome to initiate translation
What is the role of the release factor during translation?
It recognizes the stop codon and releases the polypeptide chain
What is the process of adding amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain called?
Elongation
What is the role of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme in translation?
It attaches the correct amino acid to the corresponding tRNA molecule
What is the function of the poly A tail in mRNA?
To protect the mRNA from degradation
What is the function of the stop codon in mRNA?
To signal the end of translation
What is the role of the P site in the ribosome during translation?
It holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain
What is the role of the A site in the ribosome during translation?
It binds to the incoming aminoacyl tRNA
What is the role of the E site in the ribosome during translation?
It releases the tRNA after it has donated its amino acid
What is the function of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic translation?
It helps initiate translation by positioning the ribosome at the start codon
What is the name of the structure that facilitates the recognition of the start codon during translation?
Initiation complex
What is the role of the GTP molecule in translation?
It provides energy for various steps in translation
What is the name of the process where the ribosome moves along the mRNA during translation?
Translocation
What is the function of the cap structure in eukaryotic mRNA?
To facilitate ribosome binding and translation initiation
What is the role of the chaperone proteins during translation?
To assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins
What is the function of the signal peptide in translation?
To target the protein to the appropriate cellular location
What is the role of the polyribosome complex in translation?
To enable multiple ribosomes to translate the same mRNA simultaneously
What is the name of the process where the ribosome dissociates into its subunits at the end of translation?
Termination
What is the function of the release factors in translation termination?
To release the completed polypeptide chain from the ribosome
What is the name of the process where the ribosome recognizes and binds to the stop codon?
Recognition
What is the role of the termination codon in translation?
To signal the end of protein synthesis
What is the function of the 5’ cap structure in eukaryotic mRNA?
To protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate translation initiation
