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Molecular basis > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of converting the information in mRNA into a polypeptide chain called?

A

Translation

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2
Q

Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?

A

In the cytoplasm

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3
Q

What is the start codon for translation in most mRNA molecules?

A

AUG

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4
Q

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

A

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

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5
Q

What type of RNA molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?

A

mRNA

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6
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds during translation?

A

Peptidyl transferase

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7
Q

What is the name of the complex structure where translation occurs?

A

Ribosome

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8
Q

What is the role of the small subunit of the ribosome during translation?

A

It binds to mRNA

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9
Q

What is the role of the large subunit of the ribosome during translation?

A

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

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10
Q

True or False: Translation occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

A

False

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11
Q

What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation?

A

It helps position the ribosome to initiate translation

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12
Q

What is the role of the release factor during translation?

A

It recognizes the stop codon and releases the polypeptide chain

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13
Q

What is the process of adding amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain called?

A

Elongation

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14
Q

What is the role of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme in translation?

A

It attaches the correct amino acid to the corresponding tRNA molecule

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15
Q

What is the function of the poly A tail in mRNA?

A

To protect the mRNA from degradation

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16
Q

What is the function of the stop codon in mRNA?

A

To signal the end of translation

17
Q

What is the role of the P site in the ribosome during translation?

A

It holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

18
Q

What is the role of the A site in the ribosome during translation?

A

It binds to the incoming aminoacyl tRNA

19
Q

What is the role of the E site in the ribosome during translation?

A

It releases the tRNA after it has donated its amino acid

20
Q

What is the function of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic translation?

A

It helps initiate translation by positioning the ribosome at the start codon

21
Q

What is the name of the structure that facilitates the recognition of the start codon during translation?

A

Initiation complex

22
Q

What is the role of the GTP molecule in translation?

A

It provides energy for various steps in translation

23
Q

What is the name of the process where the ribosome moves along the mRNA during translation?

A

Translocation

24
Q

What is the function of the cap structure in eukaryotic mRNA?

A

To facilitate ribosome binding and translation initiation

25
Q

What is the role of the chaperone proteins during translation?

A

To assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins

26
Q

What is the function of the signal peptide in translation?

A

To target the protein to the appropriate cellular location

27
Q

What is the role of the polyribosome complex in translation?

A

To enable multiple ribosomes to translate the same mRNA simultaneously

28
Q

What is the name of the process where the ribosome dissociates into its subunits at the end of translation?

A

Termination

29
Q

What is the function of the release factors in translation termination?

A

To release the completed polypeptide chain from the ribosome

30
Q

What is the name of the process where the ribosome recognizes and binds to the stop codon?

A

Recognition

31
Q

What is the role of the termination codon in translation?

A

To signal the end of protein synthesis

32
Q

What is the function of the 5’ cap structure in eukaryotic mRNA?

A

To protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate translation initiation

Molecular basis (5 decks)

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