Transcription Flashcards
What is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?
Transcription
Where does transcription occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
RNA polymerase
What are the three main steps of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
During which step of transcription does RNA polymerase bind to the promoter region of DNA?
Initiation
What is the name of the DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
Promoter
What is the term for the DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription?
Terminator
True or False: During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
False
What is the template strand used for during transcription?
Synthesis of RNA
What is the non-template strand also known as during transcription?
Coding strand
What is the name of the first nucleotide added during transcription?
Initiator nucleotide
What are the three types of RNA produced during transcription?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA
What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
What is the function of rRNA in the ribosome?
Forms the ribosomal subunits
What is the name of the structure where transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes?
Polyribosome
What is the name of the region in the DNA template where transcription begins?
Initiation site
Which step of transcription involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule?
Elongation
What happens to RNA polymerase during the termination step of transcription?
It dissociates from the DNA template
What is the name of the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing RNA chain during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What are the two regions of a gene that flank the coding region and are transcribed into RNA?
Promoter and terminator
What is the name of the DNA sequence that signals the end of a gene?
Terminator
What is the significance of the poly(A) tail added to the 3’ end of mRNA during transcription?
It protects the mRNA from degradation
What is the role of the 5’ cap added to mRNA during transcription?
It helps in the initiation of translation
What is the name of the process where pre-mRNA is modified before it can be translated into a protein?
RNA processing
What are the two main modifications that occur during RNA processing?
Addition of 5’ cap and poly(A) tail, splicing
What is the term for the removal of introns and joining of exons in pre-mRNA?
Splicing
What is the name of the enzyme complex responsible for splicing pre-mRNA?
Spliceosome
What is the term for the mature mRNA that has undergone RNA processing?
mRNA
What is the name of the RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA
What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation?
It helps in the binding of mRNA to the ribosome
What is the name of the process where the genetic information in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein?
Translation
What is the name of the organelle where translation occurs in eukaryotic cells?
Ribosome
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during translation?
Peptidyl transferase
