Translation

Question 1

Once mrna has travelled to a ribosome in the cytoplasm…

Answer 1

The ribosome moves along the strand of mrna, reading the sequence of bases one codon at a time. Translation begins at start codon AUG.

Question 2

What does each trna molecule do in the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Binds to a particular amino acid

Question 3

From the start codon, the ribosome continues to move along the strand of mrna reading…

Answer 3

Each of the codons on the strand one at a time. Trna molecules bring amino acids from the cytoplasm that match the codons on the mrna into the ribosome. ANTI CODON ON TRNA BINDS TO COMPLEMENTSRY CODON ON MRNA

Question 4

Once the codon and anticodon bind:

Answer 4

The amino acid detaches and forms a bond with the new amino acid, a polypeptide chain is being formed.

Question 5

What happens every time a ribosome moves along a codon?

Answer 5

One amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain.

Question 6

When does translation stop?

Answer 6

When a stop codon is reached the polypeptide chain is released into the cytoplasm where it can twist and fold to form a functional protein.

Question 7

Similarities between transcription and translation

Answer 7

Both involve mrna, have sequences of bases that control the start and end points of the process and both processes are controlled by enzymes.

Question 8

Difference between transcription and translation

Answer 8

One is at nucleus and one in cytoplasm with the help of ribosome.
Different molecules:
Transcription: use of dna and nucleotides in nucleus to make mrna
Translation: use of ribosomes, trna, and amino acids in cytoplasm to read mrna and produce proteins.