Translation Flashcards
Translation
This stage of protein synthesis occurs in the
cytoplasm of the cell
first step After leaving the nucleus, the mRNA molecule attaches to a
ribsome
second step In the cytoplasm, there are free molecules of……..
tRNA transfer RNA
These tRNA molecules have a anti codon which is what
and a region where ……….. attaches to
triplet of unpaired bases at one end
and a region where a specific amino acid can attach at the other
There are at least 20 different tRNA molecules, each with a specific
anticodon and specific amino acid binding site
step 3 The tRNA molecules bind with their specific …….. and bring them to ……..
specific amino acids (also in the cytoplasm
and bring them to the mrna molecule in the ribosome
step 4 The triplet of bases (anticodon) on each tRNA molecule pairs with a ………. on a ……. molecule
complementary triplet (codon) on the mRNA molecule
step 5 ……………..tRNA molecules fit onto the ribosome at any one time, bringing the amino acid they are each carrying side by side
2
step 6 A peptide bond is then formed between the two amino acids
The formation of a peptide bond between amino acids requires……..
energy, in the form of ATP
The ATP needed for translation is provided by the mitochondria within the cell
This process continues until a ‘stop’ codon on the mRNA molecule is reached – this acts as a
signal for translation to stop and at this point the amino acid chain coded for by the mRNA molecule is complete
final step This amino acid chain then forms the
final polypeptide
Make sure you learn both stages of protein synthesis fully. Don’t forget – transcription occurs in the nucleus but translation occurs in the cytoplasm! Be careful – DNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in DNA replication; RNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in transcription – don’t get these confused.
