Transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

A gene is a

A

sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule that codes for the production of a specific sequence of amino acids, that in turn make up a specific polypeptide (protein)

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2
Q

This process of protein synthesis occurs in two stages:
Transcription –

translation-

A

DNA is transcribed and an mRNA molecule is produced

mRNA (messenger RNA) is translated and an amino acid sequence is produced

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3
Q

Transcription
This stage of protein synthesis occurs in the

A

nucleus of the cell

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4
Q

Step 1 Part of a DNA molecule unwinds (the hydrogen bonds between the……………

which is catalysed by…

A

complementary base pairs break

Catalysed by DNA helicase, like in DNA replication

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5
Q

step 2 This exposes the gene to be ………….

A

the gene from which a particular polypeptide will be produced)

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6
Q

step 3 A complementary copy of the code from the gene is made by building a……..

A

single-stranded nucleic acid molecule known as mRNA (messenger RNA)

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7
Q

step 4 Free activated ……… pair up (via …………bonds) with their complementary (now ………..) bases on one strand (the ………….strand) of the ‘unzipped’ DNA molecule

A

RNA nucleotides

hydrogen

exposed

Template

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8
Q

step 5 The sugar-phosphate groups of these RNA nucleotides are then bonded together by the enzyme …………. to form the ………….. of the mRNA molecule

via condensation reaction

A

RNA polymerase

sugar-phosphate backbone

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9
Q

step 6 When the gene has been transcribed (when …………), the hydrogen bonds between the mRNA and DNA strands ……. and the ……….. re-forms

A

the mRNA molecule is complete

break

double-stranded DNA molecule

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10
Q

step 7 The mRNA molecule then leaves ……. via the ……..

A

the nucleus via a pore in the nuclear envelope

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