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Zach Add
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Decks in this class (78)
DNA in prokaryotes
Prokaryotes possess a moleculeit ...,
Plasmids areplasmids contain,
Plasmids are more accessible for ...
6
cards
Chromosome structure
Chromosomes are made of,
The main proteins present are the...,
Histones role
8
cards
genes
A gene is a,
Functional rna molecules are requ...,
Mrna
8
cards
Genetic loci
Every chromosome consists of a,
Gene,
Locus is
12
cards
Non coding DNA
The genome within eukaryotic cell...,
Non coding dna can also be found ...,
During transcription eukaryotic c...
7
cards
The Genome
A genome is the,
The full genome is present within...,
The proteome is the full range of
6
cards
The Structure of mRNA and tRNA
Like dna the nucleic acid rna rib...,
Like dna rna nucleotides contain ...,
Unlike dna rna nucleotides never ...
11
cards
Mrna
Mrna is what type of molecule,
Mrna made of what type of base,
It is made up of
4
cards
Trna
Trna is a single stranded molecul...,
There are between some of the com...,
Amino acids bind to a
4
cards
Classification
Species have in common,
What is binomial name system,
How to write binomial name
7
cards
Grouping species together
What is artificial classification,
Phylogenetic classification,
Taxonomy ranks think mnemonic
3
cards
Transcription
A gene is a,
This process of protein synthesis...,
Transcriptionthis stage of protei...
10
cards
Template and non template strands transcription
In the transcription stage of pro...,
The strand of the dna molecule th...,
Be careful dna polymerase is the ...
3
cards
Eukaryotic Transcription
The genome within eukaryotic cell...,
During transcription eukaryotic c...,
Before the pre mrna exits the nuc...
6
cards
Translation
Translationthis stage of protein ...,
First step after leaving the nucl...,
Second step in the cytoplasm ther...
12
cards
Nucleic Acid & Amino Acid Sequence Comparison
A triplet is a,
A codon is a,
A codon is transcribed from
10
cards
Gene mutations
A gene mutation is a,
Why can mutations in a gene can s...,
Most mutations do not alter the p...
5
cards
Insertion of nucleotides mutations
An insertion mutation is,
An insertion mutation changes the,
An insertion mutation also has a ...
5
cards
deletion nucleotides mutation
Deletion of nucleotidesa mutation...,
Like an insertion mutation a dele...,
Like an insertion mutation a dele...
5
cards
Substitution of nucleotides mutation
Substitution of nucleotides is a ...,
Unlike an insertion or deletion m...,
Substitution mutations can take t...
6
cards
The effect of gene mutations on polypeptides
Most mutations do not alter the p...,
However a small number of mutatio...,
There are natural mechanisms that...
7
cards
Mutations in Chromosome Number
Mutations can occur at different ...,
The gametes may end up with one e...,
3
cards
Meiosis
Meiosis produces,
Meiosis produces daughter cells t...,
3
cards
independent assortment and crossing over
Independent assortment is when,
The alleles of two or more differ...,
3
cards
crossing over
When does crossing over happen,
Crossing over is,
What happens during crossing over
3
cards
meiosis in animals and plants
Meiosis is a form of nuclear divi...,
2
cards
meiosis prophase 1 and metaphase 1
Dna condenses and becomes,
Dna replication has already occur...,
The chromosomes are arranged side...
8
cards
Anaphase and telophase 1
Anaphase ithe homologous pairs of...,
Telophase ithe chromosomes arrive...,
Telophase 1 nuclear envelopes for...
5
cards
Cytokinesis
This is when the,
In animal cells,
The end product of cytokinesis in...
5
cards
Second division of Meiosis : Meiosis II
There is no interphase between me...
1
cards
Meosis 2
Prophase ii,
Metaphase ii,
Anaphase ii
6
cards
Meiosis: Sources of Genetic Variation
The different combinations of chr...,
Aving genetically different offsp...,
Meiosis creates genetic variation...
6
cards
crossing over
Crossing over is the process by w...,
Process during meiosis i homologo...,
This swapping of alleles is signi...
5
cards
independent assortment
Independent assortment is the pro...,
In prophase i homologous chromoso...,
The homologous chromosomes are th...
4
cards
Apparatus & Techniques: Using an Optical Microscope
Methodpreparing a slide using a l...,
How optical microscopes work,
Preparing a slide using a solid s...
9
cards
Apparatus & Techniques: Looking at Meiosis Under a Microscope
How to distinguish meiosis 1 and ...,
How to see if its prophase 1 meta...,
Telophase 1cytokinesis
6
cards
Understanding the Outcomes & Processes in Mitosis & Meiosis
Mitosis and meiosis are both form...,
The different outcomes of mitosis...,
Mitosis ends with two
7
cards
Genetic Diversity
Organisms of the same species hav...,
The small differences in dna base...,
Genetic variation is transferred ...
6
cards
Effects of genetic diversity
There needs to be some level of g...,
Environmental factors affect the ...,
Selection pressures
7
cards
Maths Skill: Using Logarithms When Investigating Bacteria
Bacterial colonies can grow at ra...,
Logarithmic scales allow for a wi...,
You won t be expected to convert ...
3
cards
The Theory of Natural Selectionvvv
Genetic variation exists within p...,
Natural selection can cause the o...,
Random mutation can produce new a...
7
cards
founder effect
The founder effect occurs when,
As the new population is made up ...,
Which alleles end up in the new f...
5
cards
Genetic drift
When a population is significantl...,
How to know if genetical drift is...,
Example of genetic drift in plant...
3
cards
Bottleneck effect
The bottleneck effect is similar ...,
It occurs when,
A major environmental event can m...
6
cards
Directional & Stabilising Selection
Environmental factors that affect...,
These selection pressures can hav...,
3
cards
stabilising selection
Stabilising selection is,
Example classic example of stabil...,
Stabilising selection selects whi...
3
cards
directional selection
Directional selection is,
When does directional selection u...,
Example of directional selectionf...
5
cards
Environmental Adaption
These selection pressures can hav...,
Natural selection will select for...,
Natural selection will select aga...
10
cards
Understanding the Effect of Adaption & Selection on a Population
Adaptation and selection contribu...,
If an environment is static and d...,
Natural selection results in a pr...
6
cards
Required practical Investigating Microbial Growth
Aseptic techniques includewashing...,
When investigating the effect of ...,
Testing for bacterial antibiotic ...
9
cards
Results of the testing microbial growth practical
Overnight the antibiotics willthe...,
If the bacteria being investigate...,
The clear area will end when the ...
7
cards
courtship
Organisms belong to the same spec...,
The process of successful interbr...,
Courtship in animals is a behavio...
8
cards
Phylogenetic Classification
Taxonomy is the practice of,
The phylogenetic classification s...,
There is no overlap between group...
5
cards
Archea
Archaea prokaryotes bacteria prok...,
Archaea are prokaryotic so have no,
They were initially classified as...
4
cards
bacteria
Bacteriathese are organisms that ...,
2
cards
eukarya
Eukaryaorganisms that have
1
cards
Hierarchy of the Taxa
The hierarchical classification s...,
Species is the lowest taxonomic r...,
Domains are the taxonomic rank in...
5
cards
Binomials
A species is a group of organisms...,
Binomials are the scientific name...,
Example of a binomial
5
cards
Evolutionary Relationships
In the past scientists encountere...,
Sequencing technology can determi...,
Scientists will choose specific p...
8
cards
Immunology
The proteins of organisms can als...,
Step 1 pure albumin samples are e...,
Each pure albumin sample is injec...
9
cards
Biodiversity Within a Community
Biodiversity can be thought of as...,
Biodiversity can be measured on 2...,
Why is biodiversity important for...
8
cards
Species Richness
Species richness is the number,
A community is a,
Species richness is the simplest ...
5
cards
Index of Biodiversity
An index of diversity is,
Once the abundance of different s...,
The index of diversity formulathe...
6
cards
Conservation & Farming
After the second world war there ...,
Effects of modern farming on biod...,
Improving grazing landnutritious ...
8
cards
Measuring Genetic Diversity
A species can be defined as a gro...,
Individuals of the same species h...,
3
cards
Investigating Diversity
Two groups when reproductively is...,
Genetic diversitygenetic diversit...,
Measurable and observable charact...
4
cards
Investigating diversity DNA analysis
Dna is extracted from the nuclei ...,
Mitochondrial dnawhen analysing d...,
3
cards
mRNA Analysis and Comparison
Mrna is often easier to isolate f...,
Collected mrna from an individual...,
Unlike the original dna in the nu...
5
cards
Amino Acid Sequence Analysis and Comparison
Similarly to mrna proteins are of...,
The sequence of amino acids of th...,
Amino acid sequences can also be ...
6
cards
Apparatus & Techniques: Random Sampling
Sampling is a method of investiga...,
There are two different types of ...,
In random sampling the positions ...
11
cards
Practical Random sampling
Apparatus,
Method,
Calculating population density nu...
11
cards
Quantitative Investigations of Variation
Standard deviation,
A small standard deviation indica...,
Whether or not the standard devia...
5
cards
standard deviation
Standard deviation equation,
The ear lengths of a population o...
2
cards
t test
Student t test is used to compare
1
cards
Chi squared test
Chi squared,
Formula
2
cards
hypothesis
A null hypothesis should also be ...,
If there is a statistically signi...
2
cards
Spearman's Rank Correlation is
Spearman s rank correlation is
1
cards
aseptic technique practical
Spray the bench withlight,
Step 2 label plate around and wash,
Flame of bottle
11
cards
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