Transitional Metals Flashcards
What is a ligand?
A molecule or ion that forms a co-ordinate bond with a transitional metal by donating a pair of electrons
must have a lone pair
What is a complex ion?
central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands
What’s significant about Cl- ion compared to NH3 and H2O
They have a large size
What are the 4 characteristics of transitional metal?
- complex formation
- formation of coloured ions
- variable oxidation state
- catalytic activity
Why Zn is not a transitional metal?
Zn2+ only forms so this means that there is complete d-orbitual hence not transitional metal
What is a bidentate ligand?
2 atoms with lone pairs and can form two coordinate bonds per ligand
Example of multidentate ligand
EDTA+
Explain the process of Haemoglobin and the effect of CO.
*Oxygen forms a co-ordinate bond to Fe(II) in haemoglobin
*This enables oxygen to be transported in the blood
—————
*CO is toxic because it forms a strong coordinate bond with haemoglobin and it replaces the oxygen
Equation to show formation of multidentate complexes from [Cu(H2O)6]2+
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ +EDTA4- —> [Cu(EDTA)]2- +6H2O
How do these metals present colour?
white light gets absorbed and electrons gets excited and only the colour lights gets reflected
Colours occur when the electron configuration has?
partially, filled d-orbitual
What kind of bonds are held in complex ion?
Dative Covalent bond
Charge of NH3, H2O
0
Octahedral has what kind of arrows and how many?
2 wedges, 2 dashes, 2 normal bond
What kind of transitional metals would be square planar? (sometimes)
Nickel, Platinum, Palladium
What kind of shape do Cl- tend be?
Tetrahedral (no matter what)
Cis and Trans means? use for inorganic
Cis (same)
trans (opposite)
In octahedral, if chlorine next to each other (90 degrees) then is it cis/trans
What makes it trans?
cis
if the chlorine is physically opposite to each other
Ions with higher oxidation state, absorb higher… ( but cant tell about a colour :( )
frequencies of light
3 ways in which a metal complex can be changed to alter its colour
ligand substitution
oxidation sate
coordination number
different ligands causes different…
d-orbitual splitting
what bidentate ligand is NH2-CH2-CH2-NH2? and what’s their charge
-en-
H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2
0 charge
What other examples of bidentate ligand
ethanedioate ( C with 2 double bond O and 2 bond with O- lone pair )
Why does a reaction proceeds in relations to chelate effect?
There are more particles on products than reactants
This increases entropy so it will be positive
As T always positive, Gibbs will be negative so reaction is feasible